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29 <h1 class="SECT1"><a name="ACTIONS-FILE" id="ACTIONS-FILE">8. Actions Files</a></h1>
30 <p>The actions files are used to define what <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">actions</i></span>
31 <span class="APPLICATION">Privoxy</span> takes for which URLs, and thus determines how ad images, cookies and
32 various other aspects of HTTP content and transactions are handled, and on which sites (or even parts thereof).
33 There are a number of such actions, with a wide range of functionality. Each action does something a little
34 different. These actions give us a veritable arsenal of tools with which to exert our control, preferences and
35 independence. Actions can be combined so that their effects are aggregated when applied against a given set of
37 <p>There are three action files included with <span class="APPLICATION">Privoxy</span> with differing purposes:</p>
40 <p><tt class="FILENAME">match-all.action</tt> - is used to define which <span class="QUOTE">"actions"</span>
41 relating to banner-blocking, images, pop-ups, content modification, cookie handling etc should be applied by
42 default. It should be the first actions file loaded</p>
45 <p><tt class="FILENAME">default.action</tt> - defines many exceptions (both positive and negative) from the
46 default set of actions that's configured in <tt class="FILENAME">match-all.action</tt>. It is a set of rules
47 that should work reasonably well as-is for most users. This file is only supposed to be edited by the
48 developers. It should be the second actions file loaded.</p>
51 <p><tt class="FILENAME">user.action</tt> - is intended to be for local site preferences and exceptions. As an
52 example, if your ISP or your bank has specific requirements, and need special handling, this kind of thing
53 should go here. This file will not be upgraded.</p>
56 <p><span class="GUIBUTTON">Edit</span> <span class="GUIBUTTON">Set to Cautious</span> <span class=
57 "GUIBUTTON">Set to Medium</span> <span class="GUIBUTTON">Set to Advanced</span></p>
58 <p>These have increasing levels of aggressiveness <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">and have no
59 influence on your browsing unless you select them explicitly in the editor</i></span>. A default installation
60 should be pre-set to <tt class="LITERAL">Cautious</tt>. New users should try this for a while before adjusting
61 the settings to more aggressive levels. The more aggressive the settings, then the more likelihood there is of
62 problems such as sites not working as they should.</p>
63 <p>The <span class="GUIBUTTON">Edit</span> button allows you to turn each action on/off individually for
64 fine-tuning. The <span class="GUIBUTTON">Cautious</span> button changes the actions list to low/safe settings
65 which will activate ad blocking and a minimal set of <span class="APPLICATION">Privoxy</span>'s features, and
66 subsequently there will be less of a chance for accidental problems. The <span class="GUIBUTTON">Medium</span>
67 button sets the list to a medium level of other features and a low level set of privacy features. The
68 <span class="GUIBUTTON">Advanced</span> button sets the list to a high level of ad blocking and medium level of
69 privacy. See the chart below. The latter three buttons over-ride any changes via with the <span class=
70 "GUIBUTTON">Edit</span> button. More fine-tuning can be done in the lower sections of this internal page.</p>
71 <p>While the actions file editor allows to enable these settings in all actions files, they are only supposed
72 to be enabled in the first one to make sure you don't unintentionally overrule earlier rules.</p>
73 <p>The default profiles, and their associated actions, as pre-defined in <tt class=
74 "FILENAME">default.action</tt> are:</p>
76 <a name="AEN2907" id="AEN2907"></a>
77 <p><b>Table 1. Default Configurations</b></p>
78 <table border="1" frame="border" rules="all" class="CALSTABLE">
79 <col width="1*" title="C1">
80 <col width="1*" title="C2">
81 <col width="1*" title="C3">
82 <col width="1*" title="C4">
93 <td>Ad-blocking Aggressiveness</td>
99 <td>Ad-filtering by size</td>
105 <td>Ad-filtering by link</td>
111 <td>Pop-up killing</td>
117 <td>Privacy Features</td>
123 <td>Cookie handling</td>
125 <td>session-only</td>
129 <td>Referer forging</td>
135 <td>GIF de-animation</td>
141 <td>Fast redirects</td>
153 <td>JavaScript taming</td>
159 <td>Web-bug killing</td>
165 <td>Image tag reordering</td>
175 <p>The list of actions files to be used are defined in the main configuration file, and are processed in the order
176 they are defined (e.g. <tt class="FILENAME">default.action</tt> is typically processed before <tt class=
177 "FILENAME">user.action</tt>). The content of these can all be viewed and edited from <a href=
178 "http://config.privoxy.org/show-status" target="_top">http://config.privoxy.org/show-status</a>. The over-riding
179 principle when applying actions, is that the last action that matches a given URL wins. The broadest, most general
180 rules go first (defined in <tt class="FILENAME">default.action</tt>), followed by any exceptions (typically also in
181 <tt class="FILENAME">default.action</tt>), which are then followed lastly by any local preferences (typically in
182 <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">user</i></span><tt class="FILENAME">.action</tt>). Generally, <tt class=
183 "FILENAME">user.action</tt> has the last word.</p>
184 <p>An actions file typically has multiple sections. If you want to use <span class="QUOTE">"aliases"</span> in an
185 actions file, you have to place the (optional) <a href="actions-file.html#ALIASES">alias section</a> at the top of
186 that file. Then comes the default set of rules which will apply universally to all sites and pages (be <span class=
187 "emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">very careful</i></span> with using such a universal set in <tt class=
188 "FILENAME">user.action</tt> or any other actions file after <tt class="FILENAME">default.action</tt>, because it
189 will override the result from consulting any previous file). And then below that, exceptions to the defined
190 universal policies. You can regard <tt class="FILENAME">user.action</tt> as an appendix to <tt class=
191 "FILENAME">default.action</tt>, with the advantage that it is a separate file, which makes preserving your personal
192 settings across <span class="APPLICATION">Privoxy</span> upgrades easier.</p>
193 <p>Actions can be used to block anything you want, including ads, banners, or just some obnoxious URL whose content
194 you would rather not see. Cookies can be accepted or rejected, or accepted only during the current browser session
195 (i.e. not written to disk), content can be modified, some JavaScripts tamed, user-tracking fooled, and much more.
196 See below for a <a href="actions-file.html#ACTIONS">complete list of actions</a>.</p>
198 <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="RIGHT-MIX" id="RIGHT-MIX">8.1. Finding the Right Mix</a></h2>
199 <p>Note that some <a href="actions-file.html#ACTIONS">actions</a>, like cookie suppression or script disabling,
200 may render some sites unusable that rely on these techniques to work properly. Finding the right mix of actions
201 is not always easy and certainly a matter of personal taste. And, things can always change, requiring refinements
202 in the configuration. In general, it can be said that the more <span class="QUOTE">"aggressive"</span> your
203 default settings (in the top section of the actions file) are, the more exceptions for <span class=
204 "QUOTE">"trusted"</span> sites you will have to make later. If, for example, you want to crunch all cookies per
205 default, you'll have to make exceptions from that rule for sites that you regularly use and that require cookies
206 for actually useful purposes, like maybe your bank, favorite shop, or newspaper.</p>
207 <p>We have tried to provide you with reasonable rules to start from in the distribution actions files. But there
208 is no general rule of thumb on these things. There just are too many variables, and sites are constantly
209 changing. Sooner or later you will want to change the rules (and read this chapter again :).</p>
212 <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="HOW-TO-EDIT" id="HOW-TO-EDIT">8.2. How to Edit</a></h2>
213 <p>The easiest way to edit the actions files is with a browser by using our browser-based editor, which can be
214 reached from <a href="http://config.privoxy.org/show-status" target=
215 "_top">http://config.privoxy.org/show-status</a>. Note: the config file option <a href=
216 "config.html#ENABLE-EDIT-ACTIONS">enable-edit-actions</a> must be enabled for this to work. The editor allows
217 both fine-grained control over every single feature on a per-URL basis, and easy choosing from wholesale sets of
218 defaults like <span class="QUOTE">"Cautious"</span>, <span class="QUOTE">"Medium"</span> or <span class=
219 "QUOTE">"Advanced"</span>. Warning: the <span class="QUOTE">"Advanced"</span> setting is more aggressive, and
220 will be more likely to cause problems for some sites. Experienced users only!</p>
221 <p>If you prefer plain text editing to GUIs, you can of course also directly edit the the actions files with your
222 favorite text editor. Look at <tt class="FILENAME">default.action</tt> which is richly commented with many good
226 <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="ACTIONS-APPLY" id="ACTIONS-APPLY">8.3. How Actions are Applied to Requests</a></h2>
227 <p>Actions files are divided into sections. There are special sections, like the <span class="QUOTE">"<a href=
228 "actions-file.html#ALIASES">alias</a>"</span> sections which will be discussed later. For now let's concentrate
229 on regular sections: They have a heading line (often split up to multiple lines for readability) which consist of
230 a list of actions, separated by whitespace and enclosed in curly braces. Below that, there is a list of URL and
231 tag patterns, each on a separate line.</p>
232 <p>To determine which actions apply to a request, the URL of the request is compared to all URL patterns in each
233 <span class="QUOTE">"action file"</span>. Every time it matches, the list of applicable actions for the request
234 is incrementally updated, using the heading of the section in which the pattern is located. The same is done
235 again for tags and tag patterns later on.</p>
236 <p>If multiple applying sections set the same action differently, the last match wins. If not, the effects are
237 aggregated. E.g. a URL might match a regular section with a heading line of <tt class="LITERAL">{ +<a href=
238 "actions-file.html#HANDLE-AS-IMAGE">handle-as-image</a> }</tt>, then later another one with just <tt class=
239 "LITERAL">{ +<a href="actions-file.html#BLOCK">block</a> }</tt>, resulting in <span class="emphasis"><i class=
240 "EMPHASIS">both</i></span> actions to apply. And there may well be cases where you will want to combine actions
241 together. Such a section then might look like:</p>
242 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
245 <pre class="SCREEN"> { +<tt class="LITERAL">handle-as-image</tt> +<tt class=
246 "LITERAL">block{Banner ads.}</tt> }
247 # Block these as if they were images. Send no block page.
249 media.example.com/.*banners
250 .example.com/images/ads/</pre>
254 <p>You can trace this process for URL patterns and any given URL by visiting <a href=
255 "http://config.privoxy.org/show-url-info" target="_top">http://config.privoxy.org/show-url-info</a>.</p>
256 <p>Examples and more detail on this is provided in the Appendix, <a href=
257 "appendix.html#ACTIONSANAT">Troubleshooting: Anatomy of an Action</a> section.</p>
260 <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AF-PATTERNS" id="AF-PATTERNS">8.4. Patterns</a></h2>
261 <p>As mentioned, <span class="APPLICATION">Privoxy</span> uses <span class="QUOTE">"patterns"</span> to determine
262 what <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">actions</i></span> might apply to which sites and pages your
263 browser attempts to access. These <span class="QUOTE">"patterns"</span> use wild card type <span class=
264 "emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">pattern</i></span> matching to achieve a high degree of flexibility. This allows
265 one expression to be expanded and potentially match against many similar patterns.</p>
266 <p>Generally, an URL pattern has the form <tt class="LITERAL"><host><port>/<path></tt>, where
267 the <tt class="LITERAL"><host></tt>, the <tt class="LITERAL"><port></tt> and the <tt class=
268 "LITERAL"><path></tt> are optional. (This is why the special <tt class="LITERAL">/</tt> pattern matches all
269 URLs). Note that the protocol portion of the URL pattern (e.g. <tt class="LITERAL">http://</tt>) should
270 <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">not</i></span> be included in the pattern. This is assumed
272 <p>The pattern matching syntax is different for the host and path parts of the URL. The host part uses a simple
273 globbing type matching technique, while the path part uses more flexible <a href=
274 "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expressions" target="_top"><span class="QUOTE">"Regular
275 Expressions"</span></a> (POSIX 1003.2).</p>
276 <p>The port part of a pattern is a decimal port number preceded by a colon (<tt class="LITERAL">:</tt>). If the
277 host part contains a numerical IPv6 address, it has to be put into angle brackets (<tt class="LITERAL"><</tt>,
278 <tt class="LITERAL">></tt>).</p>
279 <div class="VARIABLELIST">
281 <dt><tt class="LITERAL">www.example.com/</tt></dt>
283 <p>is a host-only pattern and will match any request to <tt class="LITERAL">www.example.com</tt>,
284 regardless of which document on that server is requested. So ALL pages in this domain would be covered by
285 the scope of this action. Note that a simple <tt class="LITERAL">example.com</tt> is different and would
288 <dt><tt class="LITERAL">www.example.com</tt></dt>
290 <p>means exactly the same. For host-only patterns, the trailing <tt class="LITERAL">/</tt> may be
293 <dt><tt class="LITERAL">www.example.com/index.html</tt></dt>
295 <p>matches all the documents on <tt class="LITERAL">www.example.com</tt> whose name starts with <tt class=
296 "LITERAL">/index.html</tt>.</p>
298 <dt><tt class="LITERAL">www.example.com/index.html$</tt></dt>
300 <p>matches only the single document <tt class="LITERAL">/index.html</tt> on <tt class=
301 "LITERAL">www.example.com</tt>.</p>
303 <dt><tt class="LITERAL">/index.html$</tt></dt>
305 <p>matches the document <tt class="LITERAL">/index.html</tt>, regardless of the domain, i.e. on
306 <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">any</i></span> web server anywhere.</p>
308 <dt><tt class="LITERAL">/</tt></dt>
310 <p>Matches any URL because there's no requirement for either the domain or the path to match anything.</p>
312 <dt><tt class="LITERAL">:8000/</tt></dt>
314 <p>Matches any URL pointing to TCP port 8000.</p>
316 <dt><tt class="LITERAL">10.0.0.1/</tt></dt>
318 <p>Matches any URL with the host address <tt class="LITERAL">10.0.0.1</tt>. (Note that the real URL uses
319 plain brackets, not angle brackets.)</p>
321 <dt><tt class="LITERAL"><2001:db8::1>/</tt></dt>
323 <p>Matches any URL with the host address <tt class="LITERAL">2001:db8::1</tt>. (Note that the real URL uses
324 plain brackets, not angle brackets.)</p>
326 <dt><tt class="LITERAL">index.html</tt></dt>
328 <p>matches nothing, since it would be interpreted as a domain name and there is no top-level domain called
329 <tt class="LITERAL">.html</tt>. So its a mistake.</p>
334 <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="HOST-PATTERN" id="HOST-PATTERN">8.4.1. The Host Pattern</a></h3>
335 <p>The matching of the host part offers some flexible options: if the host pattern starts or ends with a dot,
336 it becomes unanchored at that end. The host pattern is often referred to as domain pattern as it is usually
337 used to match domain names and not IP addresses. For example:</p>
338 <div class="VARIABLELIST">
340 <dt><tt class="LITERAL">.example.com</tt></dt>
342 <p>matches any domain with first-level domain <tt class="LITERAL">com</tt> and second-level domain
343 <tt class="LITERAL">example</tt>. For example <tt class="LITERAL">www.example.com</tt>, <tt class=
344 "LITERAL">example.com</tt> and <tt class="LITERAL">foo.bar.baz.example.com</tt>. Note that it wouldn't
345 match if the second-level domain was <tt class="LITERAL">another-example</tt>.</p>
347 <dt><tt class="LITERAL">www.</tt></dt>
349 <p>matches any domain that <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">STARTS</i></span> with <tt class=
350 "LITERAL">www.</tt> (It also matches the domain <tt class="LITERAL">www</tt> but most of the time that
353 <dt><tt class="LITERAL">.example.</tt></dt>
355 <p>matches any domain that <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">CONTAINS</i></span> <tt class=
356 "LITERAL">.example.</tt>. And, by the way, also included would be any files or documents that exist
357 within that domain since no path limitations are specified. (Correctly speaking: It matches any FQDN that
358 contains <tt class="LITERAL">example</tt> as a domain.) This might be <tt class=
359 "LITERAL">www.example.com</tt>, <tt class="LITERAL">news.example.de</tt>, or <tt class=
360 "LITERAL">www.example.net/cgi/testing.pl</tt> for instance. All these cases are matched.</p>
364 <p>Additionally, there are wild-cards that you can use in the domain names themselves. These work similarly to
365 shell globbing type wild-cards: <span class="QUOTE">"*"</span> represents zero or more arbitrary characters
366 (this is equivalent to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expressions" target=
367 "_top"><span class="QUOTE">"Regular Expression"</span></a> based syntax of <span class="QUOTE">".*"</span>),
368 <span class="QUOTE">"?"</span> represents any single character (this is equivalent to the regular expression
369 syntax of a simple <span class="QUOTE">"."</span>), and you can define <span class="QUOTE">"character
370 classes"</span> in square brackets which is similar to the same regular expression technique. All of this can
372 <div class="VARIABLELIST">
374 <dt><tt class="LITERAL">ad*.example.com</tt></dt>
376 <p>matches <span class="QUOTE">"adserver.example.com"</span>, <span class=
377 "QUOTE">"ads.example.com"</span>, etc but not <span class="QUOTE">"sfads.example.com"</span></p>
379 <dt><tt class="LITERAL">*ad*.example.com</tt></dt>
381 <p>matches all of the above, and then some.</p>
383 <dt><tt class="LITERAL">.?pix.com</tt></dt>
385 <p>matches <tt class="LITERAL">www.ipix.com</tt>, <tt class="LITERAL">pictures.epix.com</tt>, <tt class=
386 "LITERAL">a.b.c.d.e.upix.com</tt> etc.</p>
388 <dt><tt class="LITERAL">www[1-9a-ez].example.c*</tt></dt>
390 <p>matches <tt class="LITERAL">www1.example.com</tt>, <tt class="LITERAL">www4.example.cc</tt>,
391 <tt class="LITERAL">wwwd.example.cy</tt>, <tt class="LITERAL">wwwz.example.com</tt> etc., but
392 <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">not</i></span> <tt class="LITERAL">wwww.example.com</tt>.</p>
396 <p>While flexible, this is not the sophistication of full regular expression based syntax.</p>
399 <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="PATH-PATTERN" id="PATH-PATTERN">8.4.2. The Path Pattern</a></h3>
400 <p><span class="APPLICATION">Privoxy</span> uses <span class="QUOTE">"modern"</span> POSIX 1003.2 <a href=
401 "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expressions" target="_top"><span class="QUOTE">"Regular
402 Expressions"</span></a> for matching the path portion (after the slash), and is thus more flexible.</p>
403 <p>There is an <a href="appendix.html#REGEX">Appendix</a> with a brief quick-start into regular expressions,
404 you also might want to have a look at your operating system's documentation on regular expressions (try
405 <tt class="LITERAL">man re_format</tt>).</p>
406 <p>Note that the path pattern is automatically left-anchored at the <span class="QUOTE">"/"</span>, i.e. it
407 matches as if it would start with a <span class="QUOTE">"^"</span> (regular expression speak for the beginning
409 <p>Please also note that matching in the path is <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">CASE
410 INSENSITIVE</i></span> by default, but you can switch to case sensitive at any point in the pattern by using
411 the <span class="QUOTE">"(?-i)"</span> switch: <tt class="LITERAL">www.example.com/(?-i)PaTtErN.*</tt> will
412 match only documents whose path starts with <tt class="LITERAL">PaTtErN</tt> in <span class=
413 "emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">exactly</i></span> this capitalization.</p>
414 <div class="VARIABLELIST">
416 <dt><tt class="LITERAL">.example.com/.*</tt></dt>
418 <p>Is equivalent to just <span class="QUOTE">".example.com"</span>, since any documents within that
419 domain are matched with or without the <span class="QUOTE">".*"</span> regular expression. This is
422 <dt><tt class="LITERAL">.example.com/.*/index.html$</tt></dt>
424 <p>Will match any page in the domain of <span class="QUOTE">"example.com"</span> that is named
425 <span class="QUOTE">"index.html"</span>, and that is part of some path. For example, it matches
426 <span class="QUOTE">"www.example.com/testing/index.html"</span> but NOT <span class=
427 "QUOTE">"www.example.com/index.html"</span> because the regular expression called for at least two
428 <span class="QUOTE">"/'s"</span>, thus the path requirement. It also would match <span class=
429 "QUOTE">"www.example.com/testing/index_html"</span>, because of the special meta-character <span class=
430 "QUOTE">"."</span>.</p>
432 <dt><tt class="LITERAL">.example.com/(.*/)?index\.html$</tt></dt>
434 <p>This regular expression is conditional so it will match any page named <span class=
435 "QUOTE">"index.html"</span> regardless of path which in this case can have one or more <span class=
436 "QUOTE">"/'s"</span>. And this one must contain exactly <span class="QUOTE">".html"</span> (and end with
439 <dt><tt class="LITERAL">.example.com/(.*/)(ads|banners?|junk)</tt></dt>
441 <p>This regular expression will match any path of <span class="QUOTE">"example.com"</span> that contains
442 any of the words <span class="QUOTE">"ads"</span>, <span class="QUOTE">"banner"</span>, <span class=
443 "QUOTE">"banners"</span> (because of the <span class="QUOTE">"?"</span>) or <span class=
444 "QUOTE">"junk"</span>. The path does not have to end in these words, just contain them. The path has to
445 contain at least two slashes (including the one at the beginning).</p>
447 <dt><tt class="LITERAL">.example.com/(.*/)(ads|banners?|junk)/.*\.(jpe?g|gif|png)$</tt></dt>
449 <p>This is very much the same as above, except now it must end in either <span class=
450 "QUOTE">".jpg"</span>, <span class="QUOTE">".jpeg"</span>, <span class="QUOTE">".gif"</span> or
451 <span class="QUOTE">".png"</span>. So this one is limited to common image formats.</p>
455 <p>There are many, many good examples to be found in <tt class="FILENAME">default.action</tt>, and more
456 tutorials below in <a href="appendix.html#REGEX">Appendix on regular expressions</a>.</p>
459 <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="TAG-PATTERN" id="TAG-PATTERN">8.4.3. The Request Tag Pattern</a></h3>
460 <p>Request tag patterns are used to change the applying actions based on the request's tags. Tags can be
461 created based on HTTP headers with either the <a href=
462 "actions-file.html#CLIENT-HEADER-TAGGER">client-header-tagger</a> or the <a href=
463 "actions-file.html#SERVER-HEADER-TAGGER">server-header-tagger</a> action.</p>
464 <p>Request tag patterns have to start with <span class="QUOTE">"TAG:"</span>, so <span class=
465 "APPLICATION">Privoxy</span> can tell them apart from other patterns. Everything after the colon including
466 white space, is interpreted as a regular expression with path pattern syntax, except that tag patterns aren't
467 left-anchored automatically (<span class="APPLICATION">Privoxy</span> doesn't silently add a <span class=
468 "QUOTE">"^"</span>, you have to do it yourself if you need it).</p>
469 <p>To match all requests that are tagged with <span class="QUOTE">"foo"</span> your pattern line should be
470 <span class="QUOTE">"TAG:^foo$"</span>, <span class="QUOTE">"TAG:foo"</span> would work as well, but it would
471 also match requests whose tags contain <span class="QUOTE">"foo"</span> somewhere. <span class="QUOTE">"TAG:
472 foo"</span> wouldn't work as it requires white space.</p>
473 <p>Sections can contain URL and request tag patterns at the same time, but request tag patterns are checked
474 after the URL patterns and thus always overrule them, even if they are located before the URL patterns.</p>
475 <p>Once a new request tag is added, Privoxy checks right away if it's matched by one of the request tag
476 patterns and updates the action settings accordingly. As a result request tags can be used to activate other
477 tagger actions, as long as these other taggers look for headers that haven't already be parsed.</p>
478 <p>For example you could tag client requests which use the <tt class="LITERAL">POST</tt> method, then use this
479 tag to activate another tagger that adds a tag if cookies are sent, and then use a block action based on the
480 cookie tag. This allows the outcome of one action, to be input into a subsequent action. However if you'd
481 reverse the position of the described taggers, and activated the method tagger based on the cookie tagger, no
482 method tags would be created. The method tagger would look for the request line, but at the time the cookie tag
483 is created, the request line has already been parsed.</p>
484 <p>While this is a limitation you should be aware of, this kind of indirection is seldom needed anyway and even
485 the example doesn't make too much sense.</p>
488 <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="NEGATIVE-TAG-PATTERNS" id="NEGATIVE-TAG-PATTERNS">8.4.4. The Negative Request Tag
490 <p>To match requests that do not have a certain request tag, specify a negative tag pattern by prefixing the
491 tag pattern line with either <span class="QUOTE">"NO-REQUEST-TAG:"</span> or <span class=
492 "QUOTE">"NO-RESPONSE-TAG:"</span> instead of <span class="QUOTE">"TAG:"</span>.</p>
493 <p>Negative request tag patterns created with <span class="QUOTE">"NO-REQUEST-TAG:"</span> are checked after
494 all client headers are scanned, the ones created with <span class="QUOTE">"NO-RESPONSE-TAG:"</span> are checked
495 after all server headers are scanned. In both cases all the created tags are considered.</p>
498 <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="CLIENT-TAG-PATTERN" id="CLIENT-TAG-PATTERN">8.4.5. The Client Tag Pattern</a></h3>
499 <div class="WARNING">
500 <table class="WARNING" border="1" width="100%">
502 <td align="center"><b>Warning</b></td>
506 <p>This is an experimental feature. The syntax is likely to change in future versions.</p>
511 <p>Client tag patterns are not set based on HTTP headers but based on the client's IP address. Users can enable
512 them themselves, but the Privoxy admin controls which tags are available and what their effect is.</p>
513 <p>After a client-specific tag has been defined with the <a href=
514 "config.html#CLIENT-SPECIFIC-TAG">client-specific-tag</a>, directive, action sections can be activated based on
515 the tag by using a CLIENT-TAG pattern. The CLIENT-TAG pattern is evaluated at the same priority as URL
516 patterns, as a result the last matching pattern wins. Tags that are created based on client or server headers
517 are evaluated later on and can overrule CLIENT-TAG and URL patterns!</p>
518 <p>The tag is set for all requests that come from clients that requested it to be set. Note that "clients" are
519 differentiated by IP address, if the IP address changes the tag has to be requested again.</p>
520 <p>Clients can request tags to be set by using the CGI interface <a href=
521 "http://config.privoxy.org/client-tags" target="_top">http://config.privoxy.org/client-tags</a>.</p>
523 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
526 <pre class="SCREEN"># If the admin defined the client-specific-tag circumvent-blocks,
527 # and the request comes from a client that previously requested
528 # the tag to be set, overrule all previous +block actions that
529 # are enabled based on URL to CLIENT-TAG patterns.
531 CLIENT-TAG:^circumvent-blocks$
533 # This section is not overruled because it's located after
535 {+block{Nobody is supposed to request this.}}
536 example.org/blocked-example-page</pre>
543 <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="ACTIONS" id="ACTIONS">8.5. Actions</a></h2>
544 <p>All actions are disabled by default, until they are explicitly enabled somewhere in an actions file. Actions
545 are turned on if preceded with a <span class="QUOTE">"+"</span>, and turned off if preceded with a <span class=
546 "QUOTE">"-"</span>. So a <tt class="LITERAL">+action</tt> means <span class="QUOTE">"do that action"</span>, e.g.
547 <tt class="LITERAL">+block</tt> means <span class="QUOTE">"please block URLs that match the following
548 patterns"</span>, and <tt class="LITERAL">-block</tt> means <span class="QUOTE">"don't block URLs that match the
549 following patterns, even if <tt class="LITERAL">+block</tt> previously applied."</span></p>
550 <p>Again, actions are invoked by placing them on a line, enclosed in curly braces and separated by whitespace,
551 like in <tt class="LITERAL">{+some-action -some-other-action{some-parameter}}</tt>, followed by a list of URL
552 patterns, one per line, to which they apply. Together, the actions line and the following pattern lines make up a
553 section of the actions file.</p>
554 <p>Actions fall into three categories:</p>
557 <p>Boolean, i.e the action can only be <span class="QUOTE">"enabled"</span> or <span class=
558 "QUOTE">"disabled"</span>. Syntax:</p>
559 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
562 <pre class="SCREEN"> +<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>name</i></tt> # enable action <tt class=
563 "REPLACEABLE"><i>name</i></tt>
564 -<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>name</i></tt> # disable action <tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>name</i></tt></pre>
568 <p>Example: <tt class="LITERAL">+handle-as-image</tt></p>
571 <p>Parameterized, where some value is required in order to enable this type of action. Syntax:</p>
572 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
575 <pre class="SCREEN"> +<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>name</i></tt>{<tt class=
576 "REPLACEABLE"><i>param</i></tt>} # enable action and set parameter to <tt class=
577 "REPLACEABLE"><i>param</i></tt>,
578 # overwriting parameter from previous match if necessary
579 -<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>name</i></tt> # disable action. The parameter can be omitted</pre>
583 <p>Note that if the URL matches multiple positive forms of a parameterized action, the last match wins, i.e.
584 the params from earlier matches are simply ignored.</p>
585 <p>Example: <tt class="LITERAL">+hide-user-agent{Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; FreeBSD i386; en-US; rv:1.8.1.4)
586 Gecko/20070602 Firefox/2.0.0.4}</tt></p>
589 <p>Multi-value. These look exactly like parameterized actions, but they behave differently: If the action
590 applies multiple times to the same URL, but with different parameters, <span class="emphasis"><i class=
591 "EMPHASIS">all</i></span> the parameters from <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">all</i></span>
592 matches are remembered. This is used for actions that can be executed for the same request repeatedly, like
593 adding multiple headers, or filtering through multiple filters. Syntax:</p>
594 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
597 <pre class="SCREEN"> +<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>name</i></tt>{<tt class=
598 "REPLACEABLE"><i>param</i></tt>} # enable action and add <tt class=
599 "REPLACEABLE"><i>param</i></tt> to the list of parameters
600 -<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>name</i></tt>{<tt class=
601 "REPLACEABLE"><i>param</i></tt>} # remove the parameter <tt class=
602 "REPLACEABLE"><i>param</i></tt> from the list of parameters
603 # If it was the last one left, disable the action.
605 "REPLACEABLE"><i>-name</i></tt> # disable this action completely and remove all parameters from the list</pre>
609 <p>Examples: <tt class="LITERAL">+add-header{X-Fun-Header: Some text}</tt> and <tt class=
610 "LITERAL">+filter{html-annoyances}</tt></p>
613 <p>If nothing is specified in any actions file, no <span class="QUOTE">"actions"</span> are taken. So in this
614 case <span class="APPLICATION">Privoxy</span> would just be a normal, non-blocking, non-filtering proxy. You must
615 specifically enable the privacy and blocking features you need (although the provided default actions files will
616 give a good starting point).</p>
617 <p>Later defined action sections always over-ride earlier ones of the same type. So exceptions to any rules you
618 make, should come in the latter part of the file (or in a file that is processed later when using multiple
619 actions files such as <tt class="FILENAME">user.action</tt>). For multi-valued actions, the actions are applied
620 in the order they are specified. Actions files are processed in the order they are defined in <tt class=
621 "FILENAME">config</tt> (the default installation has three actions files). It also quite possible for any given
622 URL to match more than one <span class="QUOTE">"pattern"</span> (because of wildcards and regular expressions),
623 and thus to trigger more than one set of actions! Last match wins.</p>
624 <p>The list of valid <span class="APPLICATION">Privoxy</span> actions are:</p>
626 <h4 class="SECT3"><a name="ADD-HEADER" id="ADD-HEADER">8.5.1. add-header</a></h4>
627 <div class="VARIABLELIST">
629 <dt>Typical use:</dt>
631 <p>Confuse log analysis, custom applications</p>
635 <p>Sends a user defined HTTP header to the web server.</p>
643 <p>Any string value is possible. Validity of the defined HTTP headers is not checked. It is recommended
644 that you use the <span class="QUOTE">"<tt class="LITERAL">X-</tt>"</span> prefix for custom headers.</p>
648 <p>This action may be specified multiple times, in order to define multiple headers. This is rarely
649 needed for the typical user. If you don't know what <span class="QUOTE">"HTTP headers"</span> are, you
650 definitely don't need to worry about this one.</p>
651 <p>Headers added by this action are not modified by other actions.</p>
653 <dt>Example usage:</dt>
655 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
658 <pre class="SCREEN"># Add a DNT ("Do not track") header to all requests,
659 # event to those that already have one.
661 # This is just an example, not a recommendation.
663 # There is no reason to believe that user-tracking websites care
664 # about the DNT header and depending on the User-Agent, adding the
665 # header may make user-tracking easier.
666 {+add-header{DNT: 1}}
676 <h4 class="SECT3"><a name="BLOCK" id="BLOCK">8.5.2. block</a></h4>
677 <div class="VARIABLELIST">
679 <dt>Typical use:</dt>
681 <p>Block ads or other unwanted content</p>
685 <p>Requests for URLs to which this action applies are blocked, i.e. the requests are trapped by
686 <span class="APPLICATION">Privoxy</span> and the requested URL is never retrieved, but is answered
687 locally with a substitute page or image, as determined by the <tt class="LITERAL"><a href=
688 "actions-file.html#HANDLE-AS-IMAGE">handle-as-image</a></tt>, <tt class="LITERAL"><a href=
689 "actions-file.html#SET-IMAGE-BLOCKER">set-image-blocker</a></tt>, and <tt class="LITERAL"><a href=
690 "actions-file.html#HANDLE-AS-EMPTY-DOCUMENT">handle-as-empty-document</a></tt> actions.</p>
694 <p>Parameterized.</p>
698 <p>A block reason that should be given to the user.</p>
702 <p><span class="APPLICATION">Privoxy</span> sends a special <span class="QUOTE">"BLOCKED"</span> page for
703 requests to blocked pages. This page contains the block reason given as parameter, a link to find out why
704 the block action applies, and a click-through to the blocked content (the latter only if the force
705 feature is available and enabled).</p>
706 <p>A very important exception occurs if <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">both</i></span>
707 <tt class="LITERAL">block</tt> and <tt class="LITERAL"><a href=
708 "actions-file.html#HANDLE-AS-IMAGE">handle-as-image</a></tt>, apply to the same request: it will then be
709 replaced by an image. If <tt class="LITERAL"><a href=
710 "actions-file.html#SET-IMAGE-BLOCKER">set-image-blocker</a></tt> (see below) also applies, the type of
711 image will be determined by its parameter, if not, the standard checkerboard pattern is sent.</p>
712 <p>It is important to understand this process, in order to understand how <span class=
713 "APPLICATION">Privoxy</span> deals with ads and other unwanted content. Blocking is a core feature, and
714 one upon which various other features depend.</p>
715 <p>The <tt class="LITERAL"><a href="actions-file.html#FILTER">filter</a></tt> action can perform a very
716 similar task, by <span class="QUOTE">"blocking"</span> banner images and other content through rewriting
717 the relevant URLs in the document's HTML source, so they don't get requested in the first place. Note
718 that this is a totally different technique, and it's easy to confuse the two.</p>
720 <dt>Example usage (section):</dt>
722 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
725 <pre class="SCREEN">{+block{No nasty stuff for you.}}
726 # Block and replace with "blocked" page
727 .nasty-stuff.example.com
729 {+block{Doubleclick banners.} +handle-as-image}
730 # Block and replace with image
734 {+block{Layered ads.} +handle-as-empty-document}
735 # Block and then ignore
736 adserver.example.net/.*\.js$</pre>
745 <h4 class="SECT3"><a name="CHANGE-X-FORWARDED-FOR" id="CHANGE-X-FORWARDED-FOR">8.5.3.
746 change-x-forwarded-for</a></h4>
747 <div class="VARIABLELIST">
749 <dt>Typical use:</dt>
751 <p>Improve privacy by not forwarding the source of the request in the HTTP headers.</p>
755 <p>Deletes the <span class="QUOTE">"X-Forwarded-For:"</span> HTTP header from the client request, or adds
760 <p>Parameterized.</p>
766 <p><span class="QUOTE">"block"</span> to delete the header.</p>
769 <p><span class="QUOTE">"add"</span> to create the header (or append the client's IP address to an
770 already existing one).</p>
776 <p>It is safe and recommended to use <tt class="LITERAL">block</tt>.</p>
777 <p>Forwarding the source address of the request may make sense in some multi-user setups but is also a
780 <dt>Example usage:</dt>
782 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
785 <pre class="SCREEN">+change-x-forwarded-for{block}</pre>
794 <h4 class="SECT3"><a name="CLIENT-HEADER-FILTER" id="CLIENT-HEADER-FILTER">8.5.4. client-header-filter</a></h4>
795 <div class="VARIABLELIST">
797 <dt>Typical use:</dt>
799 <p>Rewrite or remove single client headers.</p>
803 <p>All client headers to which this action applies are filtered on-the-fly through the specified regular
804 expression based substitutions.</p>
812 <p>The name of a client-header filter, as defined in one of the <a href="filter-file.html">filter
817 <p>Client-header filters are applied to each header on its own, not to all at once. This makes it easier
818 to diagnose problems, but on the downside you can't write filters that only change header x if header y's
819 value is z. You can do that by using tags though.</p>
820 <p>Client-header filters are executed after the other header actions have finished and use their output
822 <p>If the request URI gets changed, <span class="APPLICATION">Privoxy</span> will detect that and use the
823 new one. This can be used to rewrite the request destination behind the client's back, for example to
824 specify a Tor exit relay for certain requests.</p>
825 <p>Please refer to the <a href="filter-file.html">filter file chapter</a> to learn which client-header
826 filters are available by default, and how to create your own.</p>
828 <dt>Example usage (section):</dt>
830 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
833 <pre class="SCREEN"># Hide Tor exit notation in Host and Referer Headers
834 {+client-header-filter{hide-tor-exit-notation}}
844 <h4 class="SECT3"><a name="CLIENT-HEADER-TAGGER" id="CLIENT-HEADER-TAGGER">8.5.5. client-header-tagger</a></h4>
845 <div class="VARIABLELIST">
847 <dt>Typical use:</dt>
849 <p>Block requests based on their headers.</p>
853 <p>Client headers to which this action applies are filtered on-the-fly through the specified regular
854 expression based substitutions, the result is used as tag.</p>
862 <p>The name of a client-header tagger, as defined in one of the <a href="filter-file.html">filter
867 <p>Client-header taggers are applied to each header on its own, and as the header isn't modified, each
868 tagger <span class="QUOTE">"sees"</span> the original.</p>
869 <p>Client-header taggers are the first actions that are executed and their tags can be used to control
870 every other action.</p>
872 <dt>Example usage (section):</dt>
874 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
877 <pre class="SCREEN"># Tag every request with the User-Agent header
878 {+client-header-tagger{user-agent}}
881 # Tagging itself doesn't change the action
882 # settings, sections with TAG patterns do:
884 # If it's a download agent, use a different forwarding proxy,
885 # show the real User-Agent and make sure resume works.
886 {+forward-override{forward-socks5 10.0.0.2:2222 .} \
887 -hide-if-modified-since \
888 -overwrite-last-modified \
893 TAG:^User-Agent: NetBSD-ftp/
894 TAG:^User-Agent: Novell ZYPP Installer
895 TAG:^User-Agent: RPM APT-HTTP/
896 TAG:^User-Agent: fetch libfetch/
897 TAG:^User-Agent: Ubuntu APT-HTTP/
898 TAG:^User-Agent: MPlayer/</pre>
902 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
905 <pre class="SCREEN"># Tag all requests with the Range header set
906 {+client-header-tagger{range-requests}}
909 # Disable filtering for the tagged requests.
911 # With filtering enabled Privoxy would remove the Range headers
912 # to be able to filter the whole response. The downside is that
913 # it prevents clients from resuming downloads or skipping over
914 # parts of multimedia files.
915 {-filter -deanimate-gifs}
916 TAG:^RANGE-REQUEST$</pre>
920 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
923 <pre class="SCREEN"># Tag all requests with the client IP address
925 # (Technically the client IP address isn't included in the
926 # client headers but client-header taggers can set it anyway.
927 # For details see the tagger in default.filter)
928 {+client-header-tagger{client-ip-address}}
931 # Change forwarding settings for requests coming from address 10.0.0.1
932 {+forward-override{forward-socks5 127.0.1.2:2222 .}}
933 TAG:^IP-ADDRESS: 10\.0\.0\.1$</pre>
942 <h4 class="SECT3"><a name="CONTENT-TYPE-OVERWRITE" id="CONTENT-TYPE-OVERWRITE">8.5.6.
943 content-type-overwrite</a></h4>
944 <div class="VARIABLELIST">
946 <dt>Typical use:</dt>
948 <p>Stop useless download menus from popping up, or change the browser's rendering mode</p>
952 <p>Replaces the <span class="QUOTE">"Content-Type:"</span> HTTP server header.</p>
956 <p>Parameterized.</p>
964 <p>The <span class="QUOTE">"Content-Type:"</span> HTTP server header is used by the browser to decide
965 what to do with the document. The value of this header can cause the browser to open a download menu
966 instead of displaying the document by itself, even if the document's format is supported by the
968 <p>The declared content type can also affect which rendering mode the browser chooses. If XHTML is
969 delivered as <span class="QUOTE">"text/html"</span>, many browsers treat it as yet another broken HTML
970 document. If it is send as <span class="QUOTE">"application/xml"</span>, browsers with XHTML support will
971 only display it, if the syntax is correct.</p>
972 <p>If you see a web site that proudly uses XHTML buttons, but sets <span class="QUOTE">"Content-Type:
973 text/html"</span>, you can use <span class="APPLICATION">Privoxy</span> to overwrite it with <span class=
974 "QUOTE">"application/xml"</span> and validate the web master's claim inside your XHTML-supporting
975 browser. If the syntax is incorrect, the browser will complain loudly.</p>
976 <p>You can also go the opposite direction: if your browser prints error messages instead of rendering a
977 document falsely declared as XHTML, you can overwrite the content type with <span class=
978 "QUOTE">"text/html"</span> and have it rendered as broken HTML document.</p>
979 <p>By default <tt class="LITERAL">content-type-overwrite</tt> only replaces <span class=
980 "QUOTE">"Content-Type:"</span> headers that look like some kind of text. If you want to overwrite it
981 unconditionally, you have to combine it with <tt class="LITERAL"><a href=
982 "actions-file.html#FORCE-TEXT-MODE">force-text-mode</a></tt>. This limitation exists for a reason, think
983 twice before circumventing it.</p>
984 <p>Most of the time it's easier to replace this action with a custom <tt class="LITERAL"><a href=
985 "actions-file.html#SERVER-HEADER-FILTER">server-header filter</a></tt>. It allows you to activate it for
986 every document of a certain site and it will still only replace the content types you aimed at.</p>
987 <p>Of course you can apply <tt class="LITERAL">content-type-overwrite</tt> to a whole site and then make
988 URL based exceptions, but it's a lot more work to get the same precision.</p>
990 <dt>Example usage (sections):</dt>
992 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
995 <pre class="SCREEN"># Check if www.example.net/ really uses valid XHTML
996 { +content-type-overwrite{application/xml} }
999 # but leave the content type unmodified if the URL looks like a style sheet
1000 {-content-type-overwrite}
1001 www.example.net/.*\.css$
1002 www.example.net/.*style</pre>
1011 <h4 class="SECT3"><a name="CRUNCH-CLIENT-HEADER" id="CRUNCH-CLIENT-HEADER">8.5.7. crunch-client-header</a></h4>
1012 <div class="VARIABLELIST">
1014 <dt>Typical use:</dt>
1016 <p>Remove a client header <span class="APPLICATION">Privoxy</span> has no dedicated action for.</p>
1020 <p>Deletes every header sent by the client that contains the string the user supplied as parameter.</p>
1024 <p>Parameterized.</p>
1032 <p>This action allows you to block client headers for which no dedicated <span class=
1033 "APPLICATION">Privoxy</span> action exists. <span class="APPLICATION">Privoxy</span> will remove every
1034 client header that contains the string you supplied as parameter.</p>
1035 <p>Regular expressions are <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">not supported</i></span> and you
1036 can't use this action to block different headers in the same request, unless they contain the same
1038 <p><tt class="LITERAL">crunch-client-header</tt> is only meant for quick tests. If you have to block
1039 several different headers, or only want to modify parts of them, you should use a <tt class=
1040 "LITERAL"><a href="actions-file.html#CLIENT-HEADER-FILTER">client-header filter</a></tt>.</p>
1041 <div class="WARNING">
1042 <table class="WARNING" border="1" width="90%">
1044 <td align="center"><b>Warning</b></td>
1048 <p>Don't block any header without understanding the consequences.</p>
1054 <dt>Example usage (section):</dt>
1056 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
1059 <pre class="SCREEN"># Block the non-existent "Privacy-Violation:" client header
1060 { +crunch-client-header{Privacy-Violation:} }
1070 <h4 class="SECT3"><a name="CRUNCH-IF-NONE-MATCH" id="CRUNCH-IF-NONE-MATCH">8.5.8. crunch-if-none-match</a></h4>
1071 <div class="VARIABLELIST">
1073 <dt>Typical use:</dt>
1075 <p>Prevent yet another way to track the user's steps between sessions.</p>
1079 <p>Deletes the <span class="QUOTE">"If-None-Match:"</span> HTTP client header.</p>
1091 <p>Removing the <span class="QUOTE">"If-None-Match:"</span> HTTP client header is useful for filter
1092 testing, where you want to force a real reload instead of getting status code <span class=
1093 "QUOTE">"304"</span> which would cause the browser to use a cached copy of the page.</p>
1094 <p>It is also useful to make sure the header isn't used as a cookie replacement (unlikely but
1096 <p>Blocking the <span class="QUOTE">"If-None-Match:"</span> header shouldn't cause any caching problems,
1097 as long as the <span class="QUOTE">"If-Modified-Since:"</span> header isn't blocked or missing as
1099 <p>It is recommended to use this action together with <tt class="LITERAL"><a href=
1100 "actions-file.html#HIDE-IF-MODIFIED-SINCE">hide-if-modified-since</a></tt> and <tt class=
1101 "LITERAL"><a href="actions-file.html#OVERWRITE-LAST-MODIFIED">overwrite-last-modified</a></tt>.</p>
1103 <dt>Example usage (section):</dt>
1105 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
1108 <pre class="SCREEN"># Let the browser revalidate cached documents but don't
1109 # allow the server to use the revalidation headers for user tracking.
1110 {+hide-if-modified-since{-60} \
1111 +overwrite-last-modified{randomize} \
1112 +crunch-if-none-match}
1122 <h4 class="SECT3"><a name="CRUNCH-INCOMING-COOKIES" id="CRUNCH-INCOMING-COOKIES">8.5.9.
1123 crunch-incoming-cookies</a></h4>
1124 <div class="VARIABLELIST">
1126 <dt>Typical use:</dt>
1128 <p>Prevent the web server from setting HTTP cookies on your system</p>
1132 <p>Deletes any <span class="QUOTE">"Set-Cookie:"</span> HTTP headers from server replies.</p>
1144 <p>This action is only concerned with <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">incoming</i></span> HTTP
1145 cookies. For <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">outgoing</i></span> HTTP cookies, use <tt class=
1146 "LITERAL"><a href="actions-file.html#CRUNCH-OUTGOING-COOKIES">crunch-outgoing-cookies</a></tt>. Use
1147 <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">both</i></span> to disable HTTP cookies completely.</p>
1148 <p>It makes <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">no sense at all</i></span> to use this action in
1149 conjunction with the <tt class="LITERAL"><a href=
1150 "actions-file.html#SESSION-COOKIES-ONLY">session-cookies-only</a></tt> action, since it would prevent the
1151 session cookies from being set. See also <tt class="LITERAL"><a href=
1152 "actions-file.html#FILTER-CONTENT-COOKIES">filter-content-cookies</a></tt>.</p>
1154 <dt>Example usage:</dt>
1156 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
1159 <pre class="SCREEN">+crunch-incoming-cookies</pre>
1168 <h4 class="SECT3"><a name="CRUNCH-SERVER-HEADER" id="CRUNCH-SERVER-HEADER">8.5.10.
1169 crunch-server-header</a></h4>
1170 <div class="VARIABLELIST">
1172 <dt>Typical use:</dt>
1174 <p>Remove a server header <span class="APPLICATION">Privoxy</span> has no dedicated action for.</p>
1178 <p>Deletes every header sent by the server that contains the string the user supplied as parameter.</p>
1182 <p>Parameterized.</p>
1190 <p>This action allows you to block server headers for which no dedicated <span class=
1191 "APPLICATION">Privoxy</span> action exists. <span class="APPLICATION">Privoxy</span> will remove every
1192 server header that contains the string you supplied as parameter.</p>
1193 <p>Regular expressions are <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">not supported</i></span> and you
1194 can't use this action to block different headers in the same request, unless they contain the same
1196 <p><tt class="LITERAL">crunch-server-header</tt> is only meant for quick tests. If you have to block
1197 several different headers, or only want to modify parts of them, you should use a custom <tt class=
1198 "LITERAL"><a href="actions-file.html#SERVER-HEADER-FILTER">server-header filter</a></tt>.</p>
1199 <div class="WARNING">
1200 <table class="WARNING" border="1" width="90%">
1202 <td align="center"><b>Warning</b></td>
1206 <p>Don't block any header without understanding the consequences.</p>
1212 <dt>Example usage (section):</dt>
1214 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
1217 <pre class="SCREEN"># Crunch server headers that try to prevent caching
1218 { +crunch-server-header{no-cache} }
1228 <h4 class="SECT3"><a name="CRUNCH-OUTGOING-COOKIES" id="CRUNCH-OUTGOING-COOKIES">8.5.11.
1229 crunch-outgoing-cookies</a></h4>
1230 <div class="VARIABLELIST">
1232 <dt>Typical use:</dt>
1234 <p>Prevent the web server from reading any HTTP cookies from your system</p>
1238 <p>Deletes any <span class="QUOTE">"Cookie:"</span> HTTP headers from client requests.</p>
1250 <p>This action is only concerned with <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">outgoing</i></span> HTTP
1251 cookies. For <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">incoming</i></span> HTTP cookies, use <tt class=
1252 "LITERAL"><a href="actions-file.html#CRUNCH-INCOMING-COOKIES">crunch-incoming-cookies</a></tt>. Use
1253 <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">both</i></span> to disable HTTP cookies completely.</p>
1254 <p>It makes <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">no sense at all</i></span> to use this action in
1255 conjunction with the <tt class="LITERAL"><a href=
1256 "actions-file.html#SESSION-COOKIES-ONLY">session-cookies-only</a></tt> action, since it would prevent the
1257 session cookies from being read.</p>
1259 <dt>Example usage:</dt>
1261 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
1264 <pre class="SCREEN">+crunch-outgoing-cookies</pre>
1273 <h4 class="SECT3"><a name="DEANIMATE-GIFS" id="DEANIMATE-GIFS">8.5.12. deanimate-gifs</a></h4>
1274 <div class="VARIABLELIST">
1276 <dt>Typical use:</dt>
1278 <p>Stop those annoying, distracting animated GIF images.</p>
1282 <p>De-animate GIF animations, i.e. reduce them to their first or last image.</p>
1286 <p>Parameterized.</p>
1290 <p><span class="QUOTE">"last"</span> or <span class="QUOTE">"first"</span></p>
1294 <p>This will also shrink the images considerably (in bytes, not pixels!). If the option <span class=
1295 "QUOTE">"first"</span> is given, the first frame of the animation is used as the replacement. If
1296 <span class="QUOTE">"last"</span> is given, the last frame of the animation is used instead, which
1297 probably makes more sense for most banner animations, but also has the risk of not showing the entire
1298 last frame (if it is only a delta to an earlier frame).</p>
1299 <p>You can safely use this action with patterns that will also match non-GIF objects, because no attempt
1300 will be made at anything that doesn't look like a GIF.</p>
1302 <dt>Example usage:</dt>
1304 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
1307 <pre class="SCREEN">+deanimate-gifs{last}</pre>
1316 <h4 class="SECT3"><a name="DELAY-RESPONSE" id="DELAY-RESPONSE">8.5.13. delay-response</a></h4>
1317 <div class="VARIABLELIST">
1319 <dt>Typical use:</dt>
1321 <p>Delay responses to the client to reduce the load</p>
1325 <p>Delays responses to the client by sending the response in ca. 10 byte chunks.</p>
1329 <p>Parameterized.</p>
1333 <p><span class="QUOTE">"Number of milliseconds"</span></p>
1337 <p>Sometimes when JavaScript code is used to fetch advertisements it doesn't respect Privoxy's blocks and
1338 retries to fetch the same resource again causing unnecessary load on the client.</p>
1339 <p>This action delays responses to the client and can be combined with <tt class="LITERAL"><a href=
1340 "actions-file.html#BLOCK">blocks</a></tt> to slow down the JavaScript code, thus reducing the load on the
1342 <p>When used without <tt class="LITERAL"><a href="actions-file.html#BLOCK">blocks</a></tt> the action can
1343 also be used to simulate a slow internet connection.</p>
1345 <dt>Example usage:</dt>
1347 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
1350 <pre class="SCREEN">+delay-response{100}</pre>
1359 <h4 class="SECT3"><a name="DOWNGRADE-HTTP-VERSION" id="DOWNGRADE-HTTP-VERSION">8.5.14.
1360 downgrade-http-version</a></h4>
1361 <div class="VARIABLELIST">
1363 <dt>Typical use:</dt>
1365 <p>Work around (very rare) problems with HTTP/1.1</p>
1369 <p>Downgrades HTTP/1.1 client requests and server replies to HTTP/1.0.</p>
1381 <p>This is a left-over from the time when <span class="APPLICATION">Privoxy</span> didn't support
1382 important HTTP/1.1 features well. It is left here for the unlikely case that you experience
1383 HTTP/1.1-related problems with some server out there.</p>
1384 <p>Note that enabling this action is only a workaround. It should not be enabled for sites that work
1385 without it. While it shouldn't break any pages, it has an (usually negative) performance impact.</p>
1386 <p>If you come across a site where enabling this action helps, please report it, so the cause of the
1387 problem can be analyzed. If the problem turns out to be caused by a bug in <span class=
1388 "APPLICATION">Privoxy</span> it should be fixed so the following release works without the work
1391 <dt>Example usage (section):</dt>
1393 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
1396 <pre class="SCREEN">{+downgrade-http-version}
1397 problem-host.example.com</pre>
1406 <h4 class="SECT3"><a name="EXTERNAL-FILTER" id="EXTERNAL-FILTER">8.5.15. external-filter</a></h4>
1407 <div class="VARIABLELIST">
1409 <dt>Typical use:</dt>
1411 <p>Modify content using a programming language of your choice.</p>
1415 <p>All instances of text-based type, most notably HTML and JavaScript, to which this action applies, can
1416 be filtered on-the-fly through the specified external filter. By default plain text documents are
1417 exempted from filtering, because web servers often use the <tt class="LITERAL">text/plain</tt> MIME type
1418 for all files whose type they don't know.)</p>
1426 <p>The name of an external content filter, as defined in the <a href="filter-file.html">filter file</a>.
1427 External filters can be defined in one or more files as defined by the <tt class="LITERAL"><a href=
1428 "config.html#FILTERFILE">filterfile</a></tt> option in the <a href="config.html">config file</a>.</p>
1429 <p>When used in its negative form, and without parameters, <span class="emphasis"><i class=
1430 "EMPHASIS">all</i></span> filtering with external filters is completely disabled.</p>
1434 <p>External filters are scripts or programs that can modify the content in case common <tt class=
1435 "LITERAL"><a href="actions-file.html#FILTER">filters</a></tt> aren't powerful enough. With the exception
1436 that this action doesn't use pcrs-based filters, the notes in the <tt class="LITERAL"><a href=
1437 "actions-file.html#FILTER">filter</a></tt> section apply.</p>
1438 <div class="WARNING">
1439 <table class="WARNING" border="1" width="90%">
1441 <td align="center"><b>Warning</b></td>
1445 <p>Currently external filters are executed with <span class="APPLICATION">Privoxy</span>'s
1446 privileges. Only use external filters you understand and trust.</p>
1451 <p>This feature is experimental, the <tt class="LITERAL"><a href=
1452 "filter-file.html#EXTERNAL-FILTER-SYNTAX">syntax</a></tt> may change in the future.</p>
1454 <dt>Example usage:</dt>
1456 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
1459 <pre class="SCREEN">+external-filter{fancy-filter}</pre>
1468 <h4 class="SECT3"><a name="FAST-REDIRECTS" id="FAST-REDIRECTS">8.5.16. fast-redirects</a></h4>
1469 <div class="VARIABLELIST">
1471 <dt>Typical use:</dt>
1473 <p>Fool some click-tracking scripts and speed up indirect links.</p>
1477 <p>Detects redirection URLs and redirects the browser without contacting the redirection server
1482 <p>Parameterized.</p>
1488 <p><span class="QUOTE">"simple-check"</span> to just search for the string <span class=
1489 "QUOTE">"http://"</span> to detect redirection URLs.</p>
1492 <p><span class="QUOTE">"check-decoded-url"</span> to decode URLs (if necessary) before searching for
1493 redirection URLs.</p>
1499 <p>Many sites, like yahoo.com, don't just link to other sites. Instead, they will link to some script on
1500 their own servers, giving the destination as a parameter, which will then redirect you to the final
1501 target. URLs resulting from this scheme typically look like: <span class=
1502 "QUOTE">"http://www.example.org/click-tracker.cgi?target=http%3a//www.example.net/"</span>.</p>
1503 <p>Sometimes, there are even multiple consecutive redirects encoded in the URL. These redirections via
1504 scripts make your web browsing more traceable, since the server from which you follow such a link can see
1505 where you go to. Apart from that, valuable bandwidth and time is wasted, while your browser asks the
1506 server for one redirect after the other. Plus, it feeds the advertisers.</p>
1507 <p>This feature is currently not very smart and is scheduled for improvement. If it is enabled by
1508 default, you will have to create some exceptions to this action. It can lead to failures in several
1510 <p>Not every URLs with other URLs as parameters is evil. Some sites offer a real service that requires
1511 this information to work. For example a validation service needs to know, which document to validate.
1512 <tt class="LITERAL">fast-redirects</tt> assumes that every URL parameter that looks like another URL is a
1513 redirection target, and will always redirect to the last one. Most of the time the assumption is correct,
1514 but if it isn't, the user gets redirected anyway.</p>
1515 <p>Another failure occurs if the URL contains other parameters after the URL parameter. The URL:
1516 <span class="QUOTE">"http://www.example.org/?redirect=http%3a//www.example.net/&foo=bar"</span>.
1517 contains the redirection URL <span class="QUOTE">"http://www.example.net/"</span>, followed by another
1518 parameter. <tt class="LITERAL">fast-redirects</tt> doesn't know that and will cause a redirect to
1519 <span class="QUOTE">"http://www.example.net/&foo=bar"</span>. Depending on the target server
1520 configuration, the parameter will be silently ignored or lead to a <span class="QUOTE">"page not
1521 found"</span> error. You can prevent this problem by first using the <tt class="LITERAL"><a href=
1522 "actions-file.html#REDIRECT">redirect</a></tt> action to remove the last part of the URL, but it requires
1523 a little effort.</p>
1524 <p>To detect a redirection URL, <tt class="LITERAL">fast-redirects</tt> only looks for the string
1525 <span class="QUOTE">"http://"</span>, either in plain text (invalid but often used) or encoded as
1526 <span class="QUOTE">"http%3a//"</span>. Some sites use their own URL encoding scheme, encrypt the address
1527 of the target server or replace it with a database id. In theses cases <tt class=
1528 "LITERAL">fast-redirects</tt> is fooled and the request reaches the redirection server where it probably
1531 <dt>Example usage:</dt>
1533 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
1536 <pre class="SCREEN"> { +fast-redirects{simple-check} }
1539 { +fast-redirects{check-decoded-url} }
1540 another.example.com/testing</pre>
1549 <h4 class="SECT3"><a name="FILTER" id="FILTER">8.5.17. filter</a></h4>
1550 <div class="VARIABLELIST">
1552 <dt>Typical use:</dt>
1554 <p>Get rid of HTML and JavaScript annoyances, banner advertisements (by size), do fun text replacements,
1555 add personalized effects, etc.</p>
1559 <p>All instances of text-based type, most notably HTML and JavaScript, to which this action applies, can
1560 be filtered on-the-fly through the specified regular expression based substitutions. (Note: as of version
1561 3.0.3 plain text documents are exempted from filtering, because web servers often use the <tt class=
1562 "LITERAL">text/plain</tt> MIME type for all files whose type they don't know.)</p>
1570 <p>The name of a content filter, as defined in the <a href="filter-file.html">filter file</a>. Filters
1571 can be defined in one or more files as defined by the <tt class="LITERAL"><a href=
1572 "config.html#FILTERFILE">filterfile</a></tt> option in the <a href="config.html">config file</a>.
1573 <tt class="FILENAME">default.filter</tt> is the collection of filters supplied by the developers. Locally
1574 defined filters should go in their own file, such as <tt class="FILENAME">user.filter</tt>.</p>
1575 <p>When used in its negative form, and without parameters, <span class="emphasis"><i class=
1576 "EMPHASIS">all</i></span> filtering is completely disabled.</p>
1580 <p>For your convenience, there are a number of pre-defined filters available in the distribution filter
1581 file that you can use. See the examples below for a list.</p>
1582 <p>Filtering requires buffering the page content, which may appear to slow down page rendering since
1583 nothing is displayed until all content has passed the filters. (The total time until the page is
1584 completely rendered doesn't change much, but it may be perceived as slower since the page is not
1585 incrementally displayed.) This effect will be more noticeable on slower connections.</p>
1586 <p><span class="QUOTE">"Rolling your own"</span> filters requires a knowledge of <a href=
1587 "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expressions" target="_top"><span class="QUOTE">"Regular
1588 Expressions"</span></a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Html" target="_top"><span class=
1589 "QUOTE">"HTML"</span></a>. This is very powerful feature, and potentially very intrusive. Filters should
1590 be used with caution, and where an equivalent <span class="QUOTE">"action"</span> is not available.</p>
1591 <p>The amount of data that can be filtered is limited to the <tt class="LITERAL"><a href=
1592 "config.html#BUFFER-LIMIT">buffer-limit</a></tt> option in the main <a href="config.html">config
1593 file</a>. The default is 4096 KB (4 Megs). Once this limit is exceeded, the buffered data, and all
1594 pending data, is passed through unfiltered.</p>
1595 <p>Inappropriate MIME types, such as zipped files, are not filtered at all. (Again, only text-based types
1596 except plain text). Encrypted SSL data (from HTTPS servers) cannot be filtered either, since this would
1597 violate the integrity of the secure transaction. In some situations it might be necessary to protect
1598 certain text, like source code, from filtering by defining appropriate <tt class="LITERAL">-filter</tt>
1600 <p>Compressed content can't be filtered either, but if <span class="APPLICATION">Privoxy</span> is
1601 compiled with zlib support and a supported compression algorithm is used (gzip or deflate), <span class=
1602 "APPLICATION">Privoxy</span> can first decompress the content and then filter it.</p>
1603 <p>If you use a <span class="APPLICATION">Privoxy</span> version without zlib support, but want filtering
1604 to work on as much documents as possible, even those that would normally be sent compressed, you must use
1605 the <tt class="LITERAL"><a href="actions-file.html#PREVENT-COMPRESSION">prevent-compression</a></tt>
1606 action in conjunction with <tt class="LITERAL">filter</tt>.</p>
1607 <p>Content filtering can achieve some of the same effects as the <tt class="LITERAL"><a href=
1608 "actions-file.html#BLOCK">block</a></tt> action, i.e. it can be used to block ads and banners. But the
1609 mechanism works quite differently. One effective use, is to block ad banners based on their size (see
1610 below), since many of these seem to be somewhat standardized.</p>
1611 <p><a href="contact.html">Feedback</a> with suggestions for new or improved filters is particularly
1613 <p>The below list has only the names and a one-line description of each predefined filter. There are
1614 <a href="filter-file.html#PREDEFINED-FILTERS">more verbose explanations</a> of what these filters do in
1615 the <a href="filter-file.html">filter file chapter</a>.</p>
1617 <dt>Example usage (with filters from the distribution <tt class="FILENAME">default.filter</tt> file). See
1618 <a href="filter-file.html#PREDEFINED-FILTERS">the Predefined Filters section</a> for more explanation on
1621 <p><a name="FILTER-JS-ANNOYANCES" id="FILTER-JS-ANNOYANCES"></a></p>
1622 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
1625 <pre class="SCREEN">
1626 +filter{js-annoyances} # Get rid of particularly annoying JavaScript abuse.</pre>
1630 <p><a name="FILTER-JS-EVENTS" id="FILTER-JS-EVENTS"></a></p>
1631 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
1634 <pre class="SCREEN">
1635 +filter{js-events} # Kill JavaScript event bindings and timers (Radically destructive! Only for extra nasty sites).</pre>
1639 <p><a name="FILTER-HTML-ANNOYANCES" id="FILTER-HTML-ANNOYANCES"></a></p>
1640 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
1643 <pre class="SCREEN">
1644 +filter{html-annoyances} # Get rid of particularly annoying HTML abuse.</pre>
1648 <p><a name="FILTER-CONTENT-COOKIES" id="FILTER-CONTENT-COOKIES"></a></p>
1649 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
1652 <pre class="SCREEN">
1653 +filter{content-cookies} # Kill cookies that come in the HTML or JS content.</pre>
1657 <p><a name="FILTER-REFRESH-TAGS" id="FILTER-REFRESH-TAGS"></a></p>
1658 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
1661 <pre class="SCREEN">
1662 +filter{refresh-tags} # Kill automatic refresh tags if refresh time is larger than 9 seconds.</pre>
1666 <p><a name="FILTER-UNSOLICITED-POPUPS" id="FILTER-UNSOLICITED-POPUPS"></a></p>
1667 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
1670 <pre class="SCREEN">+filter{unsolicited-popups} # Disable only unsolicited pop-up windows.</pre>
1674 <p><a name="FILTER-ALL-POPUPS" id="FILTER-ALL-POPUPS"></a></p>
1675 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
1678 <pre class="SCREEN">+filter{all-popups} # Kill all popups in JavaScript and HTML.</pre>
1682 <p><a name="FILTER-IMG-REORDER" id="FILTER-IMG-REORDER"></a></p>
1683 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
1686 <pre class="SCREEN">
1687 +filter{img-reorder} # Reorder attributes in <img> tags to make the banners-by-* filters more effective.</pre>
1691 <p><a name="FILTER-BANNERS-BY-SIZE" id="FILTER-BANNERS-BY-SIZE"></a></p>
1692 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
1695 <pre class="SCREEN">+filter{banners-by-size} # Kill banners by size.</pre>
1699 <p><a name="FILTER-BANNERS-BY-LINK" id="FILTER-BANNERS-BY-LINK"></a></p>
1700 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
1703 <pre class="SCREEN">
1704 +filter{banners-by-link} # Kill banners by their links to known clicktrackers.</pre>
1708 <p><a name="FILTER-WEBBUGS" id="FILTER-WEBBUGS"></a></p>
1709 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
1712 <pre class="SCREEN">
1713 +filter{webbugs} # Squish WebBugs (1x1 invisible GIFs used for user tracking).</pre>
1717 <p><a name="FILTER-TINY-TEXTFORMS" id="FILTER-TINY-TEXTFORMS"></a></p>
1718 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
1721 <pre class="SCREEN">
1722 +filter{tiny-textforms} # Extend those tiny textareas up to 40x80 and kill the hard wrap.</pre>
1726 <p><a name="FILTER-JUMPING-WINDOWS" id="FILTER-JUMPING-WINDOWS"></a></p>
1727 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
1730 <pre class="SCREEN">
1731 +filter{jumping-windows} # Prevent windows from resizing and moving themselves.</pre>
1735 <p><a name="FILTER-FRAMESET-BORDERS" id="FILTER-FRAMESET-BORDERS"></a></p>
1736 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
1739 <pre class="SCREEN">
1740 +filter{frameset-borders} # Give frames a border and make them resizable.</pre>
1744 <p><a name="FILTER-IFRAMES" id="FILTER-IFRAMES"></a></p>
1745 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
1748 <pre class="SCREEN">
1749 +filter{iframes} # Removes all detected iframes. Should only be enabled for individual sites.</pre>
1753 <p><a name="FILTER-DEMORONIZER" id="FILTER-DEMORONIZER"></a></p>
1754 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
1757 <pre class="SCREEN">
1758 +filter{demoronizer} # Fix MS's non-standard use of standard charsets.</pre>
1762 <p><a name="FILTER-SHOCKWAVE-FLASH" id="FILTER-SHOCKWAVE-FLASH"></a></p>
1763 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
1766 <pre class="SCREEN">+filter{shockwave-flash} # Kill embedded Shockwave Flash objects.</pre>
1770 <p><a name="FILTER-QUICKTIME-KIOSKMODE" id="FILTER-QUICKTIME-KIOSKMODE"></a></p>
1771 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
1774 <pre class="SCREEN">+filter{quicktime-kioskmode} # Make Quicktime movies saveable.</pre>
1778 <p><a name="FILTER-FUN" id="FILTER-FUN"></a></p>
1779 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
1782 <pre class="SCREEN">
1783 +filter{fun} # Text replacements for subversive browsing fun!</pre>
1787 <p><a name="FILTER-CRUDE-PARENTAL" id="FILTER-CRUDE-PARENTAL"></a></p>
1788 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
1791 <pre class="SCREEN">
1792 +filter{crude-parental} # Crude parental filtering. Note that this filter doesn't work reliably.</pre>
1796 <p><a name="FILTER-IE-EXPLOITS" id="FILTER-IE-EXPLOITS"></a></p>
1797 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
1800 <pre class="SCREEN">
1801 +filter{ie-exploits} # Disable some known Internet Explorer bug exploits.</pre>
1805 <p><a name="FILTER-SITE-SPECIFICS" id="FILTER-SITE-SPECIFICS"></a></p>
1806 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
1809 <pre class="SCREEN">
1810 +filter{site-specifics} # Cure for site-specific problems. Don't apply generally!</pre>
1814 <p><a name="FILTER-NO-PING" id="FILTER-NO-PING"></a></p>
1815 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
1818 <pre class="SCREEN">
1819 +filter{no-ping} # Removes non-standard ping attributes in <a> and <area> tags.</pre>
1823 <p><a name="FILTER-GOOGLE" id="FILTER-GOOGLE"></a></p>
1824 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
1827 <pre class="SCREEN">
1828 +filter{google} # CSS-based block for Google text ads. Also removes a width limitation and the toolbar advertisement.</pre>
1832 <p><a name="FILTER-YAHOO" id="FILTER-YAHOO"></a></p>
1833 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
1836 <pre class="SCREEN">
1837 +filter{yahoo} # CSS-based block for Yahoo text ads. Also removes a width limitation.</pre>
1841 <p><a name="FILTER-MSN" id="FILTER-MSN"></a></p>
1842 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
1845 <pre class="SCREEN">
1846 +filter{msn} # CSS-based block for MSN text ads. Also removes tracking URLs and a width limitation.</pre>
1850 <p><a name="FILTER-BLOGSPOT" id="FILTER-BLOGSPOT"></a></p>
1851 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
1854 <pre class="SCREEN">
1855 +filter{blogspot} # Cleans up some Blogspot blogs. Read the fine print before using this.</pre>
1864 <h4 class="SECT3"><a name="FORCE-TEXT-MODE" id="FORCE-TEXT-MODE">8.5.18. force-text-mode</a></h4>
1865 <div class="VARIABLELIST">
1867 <dt>Typical use:</dt>
1869 <p>Force <span class="APPLICATION">Privoxy</span> to treat a document as if it was in some kind of
1870 <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">text</i></span> format.</p>
1874 <p>Declares a document as text, even if the <span class="QUOTE">"Content-Type:"</span> isn't detected as
1887 <p>As explained <tt class="LITERAL"><a href="actions-file.html#FILTER">above</a></tt>, <span class=
1888 "APPLICATION">Privoxy</span> tries to only filter files that are in some kind of text format. The same
1889 restrictions apply to <tt class="LITERAL"><a href=
1890 "actions-file.html#CONTENT-TYPE-OVERWRITE">content-type-overwrite</a></tt>. <tt class=
1891 "LITERAL">force-text-mode</tt> declares a document as text, without looking at the <span class=
1892 "QUOTE">"Content-Type:"</span> first.</p>
1893 <div class="WARNING">
1894 <table class="WARNING" border="1" width="90%">
1896 <td align="center"><b>Warning</b></td>
1900 <p>Think twice before activating this action. Filtering binary data with regular expressions can
1901 cause file damage.</p>
1907 <dt>Example usage:</dt>
1909 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
1912 <pre class="SCREEN">+force-text-mode</pre>
1921 <h4 class="SECT3"><a name="FORWARD-OVERRIDE" id="FORWARD-OVERRIDE">8.5.19. forward-override</a></h4>
1922 <div class="VARIABLELIST">
1924 <dt>Typical use:</dt>
1926 <p>Change the forwarding settings based on User-Agent or request origin</p>
1930 <p>Overrules the forward directives in the configuration file.</p>
1934 <p>Parameterized.</p>
1940 <p><span class="QUOTE">"forward ."</span> to use a direct connection without any additional
1944 <p><span class="QUOTE">"forward 127.0.0.1:8123"</span> to use the HTTP proxy listening at 127.0.0.1
1948 <p><span class="QUOTE">"forward-socks4a 127.0.0.1:9050 ."</span> to use the socks4a proxy listening
1949 at 127.0.0.1 port 9050. Replace <span class="QUOTE">"forward-socks4a"</span> with <span class=
1950 "QUOTE">"forward-socks4"</span> to use a socks4 connection (with local DNS resolution) instead, use
1951 <span class="QUOTE">"forward-socks5"</span> for socks5 connections (with remote DNS resolution).</p>
1954 <p><span class="QUOTE">"forward-socks4a 127.0.0.1:9050 proxy.example.org:8000"</span> to use the
1955 socks4a proxy listening at 127.0.0.1 port 9050 to reach the HTTP proxy listening at proxy.example.org
1956 port 8000. Replace <span class="QUOTE">"forward-socks4a"</span> with <span class=
1957 "QUOTE">"forward-socks4"</span> to use a socks4 connection (with local DNS resolution) instead, use
1958 <span class="QUOTE">"forward-socks5"</span> for socks5 connections (with remote DNS resolution).</p>
1961 <p><span class="QUOTE">"forward-webserver 127.0.0.1:80"</span> to use the HTTP server listening at
1962 127.0.0.1 port 80 without adjusting the request headers.</p>
1963 <p>This makes it more convenient to use Privoxy to make existing websites available as onion services
1965 <p>Many websites serve content with hardcoded URLs and can't be easily adjusted to change the domain
1966 based on the one used by the client.</p>
1967 <p>Putting Privoxy between Tor and the webserver (or an stunnel that forwards to the webserver)
1968 allows to rewrite headers and content to make client and server happy at the same time.</p>
1969 <p>Using Privoxy for webservers that are only reachable through onion addresses and whose location is
1970 supposed to be secret is not recommended and should not be necessary anyway.</p>
1976 <p>This action takes parameters similar to the <a href="config.html#FORWARDING">forward</a> directives in
1977 the configuration file, but without the URL pattern. It can be used as replacement, but normally it's
1978 only used in cases where matching based on the request URL isn't sufficient.</p>
1979 <div class="WARNING">
1980 <table class="WARNING" border="1" width="90%">
1982 <td align="center"><b>Warning</b></td>
1986 <p>Please read the description for the <a href="config.html#FORWARDING">forward</a> directives
1987 before using this action. Forwarding to the wrong people will reduce your privacy and increase
1988 the chances of man-in-the-middle attacks.</p>
1989 <p>If the ports are missing or invalid, default values will be used. This might change in the
1990 future and you shouldn't rely on it. Otherwise incorrect syntax causes Privoxy to exit. Due to
1991 design limitations, invalid parameter syntax isn't detected until the action is used the first
1993 <p>Use the <a href="http://config.privoxy.org/show-url-info" target="_top">show-url-info CGI
1994 page</a> to verify that your forward settings do what you thought the do.</p>
2000 <dt>Example usage:</dt>
2002 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
2005 <pre class="SCREEN"># Use an ssh tunnel for requests previously tagged as
2006 # <span class="QUOTE">"User-Agent: fetch libfetch/2.0"</span> and make sure
2007 # resuming downloads continues to work.
2009 # This way you can continue to use Tor for your normal browsing,
2010 # without overloading the Tor network with your FreeBSD ports updates
2011 # or downloads of bigger files like ISOs.
2013 # Note that HTTP headers are easy to fake and therefore their
2014 # values are as (un)trustworthy as your clients and users.
2015 {+forward-override{forward-socks5 10.0.0.2:2222 .} \
2016 -hide-if-modified-since \
2017 -overwrite-last-modified \
2019 TAG:^User-Agent: fetch libfetch/2\.0$</pre>
2028 <h4 class="SECT3"><a name="HANDLE-AS-EMPTY-DOCUMENT" id="HANDLE-AS-EMPTY-DOCUMENT">8.5.20.
2029 handle-as-empty-document</a></h4>
2030 <div class="VARIABLELIST">
2032 <dt>Typical use:</dt>
2034 <p>Mark URLs that should be replaced by empty documents <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">if
2035 they get blocked</i></span></p>
2039 <p>This action alone doesn't do anything noticeable. It just marks URLs. If the <tt class=
2040 "LITERAL"><a href="actions-file.html#BLOCK">block</a></tt> action <span class="emphasis"><i class=
2041 "EMPHASIS">also applies</i></span>, the presence or absence of this mark decides whether an HTML
2042 <span class="QUOTE">"BLOCKED"</span> page, or an empty document will be sent to the client as a
2043 substitute for the blocked content. The <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">empty</i></span>
2044 document isn't literally empty, but actually contains a single space.</p>
2056 <p>Some browsers complain about syntax errors if JavaScript documents are blocked with <span class=
2057 "APPLICATION">Privoxy's</span> default HTML page; this option can be used to silence them. And of course
2058 this action can also be used to eliminate the <span class="APPLICATION">Privoxy</span> BLOCKED message in
2060 <p>The content type for the empty document can be specified with <tt class="LITERAL"><a href=
2061 "actions-file.html#CONTENT-TYPE-OVERWRITE">content-type-overwrite{}</a></tt>, but usually this isn't
2064 <dt>Example usage:</dt>
2066 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
2069 <pre class="SCREEN"># Block all documents on example.org that end with ".js",
2070 # but send an empty document instead of the usual HTML message.
2071 {+block{Blocked JavaScript} +handle-as-empty-document}
2072 example.org/.*\.js$</pre>
2081 <h4 class="SECT3"><a name="HANDLE-AS-IMAGE" id="HANDLE-AS-IMAGE">8.5.21. handle-as-image</a></h4>
2082 <div class="VARIABLELIST">
2084 <dt>Typical use:</dt>
2086 <p>Mark URLs as belonging to images (so they'll be replaced by images <span class="emphasis"><i class=
2087 "EMPHASIS">if they do get blocked</i></span>, rather than HTML pages)</p>
2091 <p>This action alone doesn't do anything noticeable. It just marks URLs as images. If the <tt class=
2092 "LITERAL"><a href="actions-file.html#BLOCK">block</a></tt> action <span class="emphasis"><i class=
2093 "EMPHASIS">also applies</i></span>, the presence or absence of this mark decides whether an HTML
2094 <span class="QUOTE">"blocked"</span> page, or a replacement image (as determined by the <tt class=
2095 "LITERAL"><a href="actions-file.html#SET-IMAGE-BLOCKER">set-image-blocker</a></tt> action) will be sent
2096 to the client as a substitute for the blocked content.</p>
2108 <p>The below generic example section is actually part of <tt class="FILENAME">default.action</tt>. It
2109 marks all URLs with well-known image file name extensions as images and should be left intact.</p>
2110 <p>Users will probably only want to use the handle-as-image action in conjunction with <tt class=
2111 "LITERAL"><a href="actions-file.html#BLOCK">block</a></tt>, to block sources of banners, whose URLs don't
2112 reflect the file type, like in the second example section.</p>
2113 <p>Note that you cannot treat HTML pages as images in most cases. For instance, (in-line) ad frames
2114 require an HTML page to be sent, or they won't display properly. Forcing <tt class=
2115 "LITERAL">handle-as-image</tt> in this situation will not replace the ad frame with an image, but lead to
2118 <dt>Example usage (sections):</dt>
2120 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
2123 <pre class="SCREEN"># Generic image extensions:
2126 /.*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|ico)$
2128 # These don't look like images, but they're banners and should be
2129 # blocked as images:
2131 {+block{Nasty banners.} +handle-as-image}
2132 nasty-banner-server.example.com/junk.cgi\?output=trash</pre>
2141 <h4 class="SECT3"><a name="HIDE-ACCEPT-LANGUAGE" id="HIDE-ACCEPT-LANGUAGE">8.5.22.
2142 hide-accept-language</a></h4>
2143 <div class="VARIABLELIST">
2145 <dt>Typical use:</dt>
2147 <p>Pretend to use different language settings.</p>
2151 <p>Deletes or replaces the <span class="QUOTE">"Accept-Language:"</span> HTTP header in client
2156 <p>Parameterized.</p>
2160 <p>Keyword: <span class="QUOTE">"block"</span>, or any user defined value.</p>
2164 <p>Faking the browser's language settings can be useful to make a foreign User-Agent set with <tt class=
2165 "LITERAL"><a href="actions-file.html#HIDE-USER-AGENT">hide-user-agent</a></tt> more believable.</p>
2166 <p>However some sites with content in different languages check the <span class=
2167 "QUOTE">"Accept-Language:"</span> to decide which one to take by default. Sometimes it isn't possible to
2168 later switch to another language without changing the <span class="QUOTE">"Accept-Language:"</span>
2170 <p>Therefore it's a good idea to either only change the <span class="QUOTE">"Accept-Language:"</span>
2171 header to languages you understand, or to languages that aren't wide spread.</p>
2172 <p>Before setting the <span class="QUOTE">"Accept-Language:"</span> header to a rare language, you should
2173 consider that it helps to make your requests unique and thus easier to trace. If you don't plan to change
2174 this header frequently, you should stick to a common language.</p>
2176 <dt>Example usage (section):</dt>
2178 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
2181 <pre class="SCREEN"># Pretend to use Canadian language settings.
2182 {+hide-accept-language{en-ca} \
2183 +hide-user-agent{Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; OpenBSD i386; en-CA; rv:1.8.0.4) Gecko/20060628 Firefox/1.5.0.4} \
2194 <h4 class="SECT3"><a name="HIDE-CONTENT-DISPOSITION" id="HIDE-CONTENT-DISPOSITION">8.5.23.
2195 hide-content-disposition</a></h4>
2196 <div class="VARIABLELIST">
2198 <dt>Typical use:</dt>
2200 <p>Prevent download menus for content you prefer to view inside the browser.</p>
2204 <p>Deletes or replaces the <span class="QUOTE">"Content-Disposition:"</span> HTTP header set by some
2209 <p>Parameterized.</p>
2213 <p>Keyword: <span class="QUOTE">"block"</span>, or any user defined value.</p>
2217 <p>Some servers set the <span class="QUOTE">"Content-Disposition:"</span> HTTP header for documents they
2218 assume you want to save locally before viewing them. The <span class=
2219 "QUOTE">"Content-Disposition:"</span> header contains the file name the browser is supposed to use by
2221 <p>In most browsers that understand this header, it makes it impossible to <span class=
2222 "emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">just view</i></span> the document, without downloading it first, even if
2223 it's just a simple text file or an image.</p>
2224 <p>Removing the <span class="QUOTE">"Content-Disposition:"</span> header helps to prevent this annoyance,
2225 but some browsers additionally check the <span class="QUOTE">"Content-Type:"</span> header, before they
2226 decide if they can display a document without saving it first. In these cases, you have to change this
2227 header as well, before the browser stops displaying download menus.</p>
2228 <p>It is also possible to change the server's file name suggestion to another one, but in most cases it
2229 isn't worth the time to set it up.</p>
2230 <p>This action will probably be removed in the future, use server-header filters instead.</p>
2232 <dt>Example usage:</dt>
2234 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
2237 <pre class="SCREEN"># Disarm the download link in Sourceforge's patch tracker
2239 +content-type-overwrite{text/plain}\
2240 +hide-content-disposition{block} }
2241 .sourceforge.net/tracker/download\.php</pre>
2250 <h4 class="SECT3"><a name="HIDE-IF-MODIFIED-SINCE" id="HIDE-IF-MODIFIED-SINCE">8.5.24.
2251 hide-if-modified-since</a></h4>
2252 <div class="VARIABLELIST">
2254 <dt>Typical use:</dt>
2256 <p>Prevent yet another way to track the user's steps between sessions.</p>
2260 <p>Deletes the <span class="QUOTE">"If-Modified-Since:"</span> HTTP client header or modifies its
2265 <p>Parameterized.</p>
2269 <p>Keyword: <span class="QUOTE">"block"</span>, or a user defined value that specifies a range of
2274 <p>Removing this header is useful for filter testing, where you want to force a real reload instead of
2275 getting status code <span class="QUOTE">"304"</span>, which would cause the browser to use a cached copy
2277 <p>Instead of removing the header, <tt class="LITERAL">hide-if-modified-since</tt> can also add or
2278 subtract a random amount of time to/from the header's value. You specify a range of minutes where the
2279 random factor should be chosen from and <span class="APPLICATION">Privoxy</span> does the rest. A
2280 negative value means subtracting, a positive value adding.</p>
2281 <p>Randomizing the value of the <span class="QUOTE">"If-Modified-Since:"</span> makes it less likely that
2282 the server can use the time as a cookie replacement, but you will run into caching problems if the random
2283 range is too high.</p>
2284 <p>It is a good idea to only use a small negative value and let <tt class="LITERAL"><a href=
2285 "actions-file.html#OVERWRITE-LAST-MODIFIED">overwrite-last-modified</a></tt> handle the greater
2287 <p>It is also recommended to use this action together with <tt class="LITERAL"><a href=
2288 "actions-file.html#CRUNCH-IF-NONE-MATCH">crunch-if-none-match</a></tt>, otherwise it's more or less
2291 <dt>Example usage (section):</dt>
2293 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
2296 <pre class="SCREEN"># Let the browser revalidate but make tracking based on the time less likely.
2297 {+hide-if-modified-since{-60} \
2298 +overwrite-last-modified{randomize} \
2299 +crunch-if-none-match}
2309 <h4 class="SECT3"><a name="HIDE-FROM-HEADER" id="HIDE-FROM-HEADER">8.5.25. hide-from-header</a></h4>
2310 <div class="VARIABLELIST">
2312 <dt>Typical use:</dt>
2314 <p>Keep your (old and ill) browser from telling web servers your email address</p>
2318 <p>Deletes any existing <span class="QUOTE">"From:"</span> HTTP header, or replaces it with the specified
2323 <p>Parameterized.</p>
2327 <p>Keyword: <span class="QUOTE">"block"</span>, or any user defined value.</p>
2331 <p>The keyword <span class="QUOTE">"block"</span> will completely remove the header (not to be confused
2332 with the <tt class="LITERAL"><a href="actions-file.html#BLOCK">block</a></tt> action).</p>
2333 <p>Alternately, you can specify any value you prefer to be sent to the web server. If you do, it is a
2334 matter of fairness not to use any address that is actually used by a real person.</p>
2335 <p>This action is rarely needed, as modern web browsers don't send <span class="QUOTE">"From:"</span>
2336 headers anymore.</p>
2338 <dt>Example usage:</dt>
2340 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
2343 <pre class="SCREEN">+hide-from-header{block}</pre>
2348 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
2351 <pre class="SCREEN">+hide-from-header{spam-me-senseless@sittingduck.example.com}</pre>
2360 <h4 class="SECT3"><a name="HIDE-REFERRER" id="HIDE-REFERRER">8.5.26. hide-referrer</a></h4><a name=
2361 "HIDE-REFERER" id="HIDE-REFERER"></a>
2362 <div class="VARIABLELIST">
2364 <dt>Typical use:</dt>
2366 <p>Conceal which link you followed to get to a particular site</p>
2370 <p>Deletes the <span class="QUOTE">"Referer:"</span> (sic) HTTP header from the client request, or
2371 replaces it with a forged one.</p>
2375 <p>Parameterized.</p>
2381 <p><span class="QUOTE">"conditional-block"</span> to delete the header completely if the host has
2385 <p><span class="QUOTE">"conditional-forge"</span> to forge the header if the host has changed.</p>
2388 <p><span class="QUOTE">"block"</span> to delete the header unconditionally.</p>
2391 <p><span class="QUOTE">"forge"</span> to pretend to be coming from the homepage of the server we are
2395 <p>Any other string to set a user defined referrer.</p>
2401 <p><tt class="LITERAL">conditional-block</tt> is the only parameter, that isn't easily detected in the
2402 server's log file. If it blocks the referrer, the request will look like the visitor used a bookmark or
2403 typed in the address directly.</p>
2404 <p>Leaving the referrer unmodified for requests on the same host allows the server owner to see the
2405 visitor's <span class="QUOTE">"click path"</span>, but in most cases she could also get that information
2406 by comparing other parts of the log file: for example the User-Agent if it isn't a very common one, or
2407 the user's IP address if it doesn't change between different requests.</p>
2408 <p>Always blocking the referrer, or using a custom one, can lead to failures on servers that check the
2409 referrer before they answer any requests, in an attempt to prevent their content from being embedded or
2410 linked to elsewhere.</p>
2411 <p>Both <tt class="LITERAL">conditional-block</tt> and <tt class="LITERAL">forge</tt> will work with
2412 referrer checks, as long as content and valid referring page are on the same host. Most of the time
2413 that's the case.</p>
2414 <p><tt class="LITERAL">hide-referer</tt> is an alternate spelling of <tt class=
2415 "LITERAL">hide-referrer</tt> and the two can be can be freely substituted with each other. (<span class=
2416 "QUOTE">"referrer"</span> is the correct English spelling, however the HTTP specification has a bug - it
2417 requires it to be spelled as <span class="QUOTE">"referer"</span>.)</p>
2419 <dt>Example usage:</dt>
2421 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
2424 <pre class="SCREEN">+hide-referrer{forge}</pre>
2429 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
2432 <pre class="SCREEN">+hide-referrer{http://www.yahoo.com/}</pre>
2441 <h4 class="SECT3"><a name="HIDE-USER-AGENT" id="HIDE-USER-AGENT">8.5.27. hide-user-agent</a></h4>
2442 <div class="VARIABLELIST">
2444 <dt>Typical use:</dt>
2446 <p>Try to conceal your type of browser and client operating system</p>
2450 <p>Replaces the value of the <span class="QUOTE">"User-Agent:"</span> HTTP header in client requests with
2451 the specified value.</p>
2455 <p>Parameterized.</p>
2459 <p>Any user-defined string.</p>
2463 <div class="WARNING">
2464 <table class="WARNING" border="1" width="90%">
2466 <td align="center"><b>Warning</b></td>
2470 <p>This can lead to problems on web sites that depend on looking at this header in order to
2471 customize their content for different browsers (which, by the way, is <span class=
2472 "emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">NOT</i></span> the right thing to do: good web sites work
2473 browser-independently).</p>
2478 <p>Using this action in multi-user setups or wherever different types of browsers will access the same
2479 <span class="APPLICATION">Privoxy</span> is <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">not
2480 recommended</i></span>. In single-user, single-browser setups, you might use it to delete your OS version
2481 information from the headers, because it is an invitation to exploit known bugs for your OS. It is also
2482 occasionally useful to forge this in order to access sites that won't let you in otherwise (though there
2483 may be a good reason in some cases).</p>
2484 <p>More information on known user-agent strings can be found at <a href="http://www.user-agents.org/"
2485 target="_top">http://www.user-agents.org/</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_agent"
2486 target="_top">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_agent</a>.</p>
2488 <dt>Example usage:</dt>
2490 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
2493 <pre class="SCREEN">+hide-user-agent{Netscape 6.1 (X11; I; Linux 2.4.18 i686)}</pre>
2502 <h4 class="SECT3"><a name="LIMIT-CONNECT" id="LIMIT-CONNECT">8.5.28. limit-connect</a></h4>
2503 <div class="VARIABLELIST">
2505 <dt>Typical use:</dt>
2507 <p>Prevent abuse of <span class="APPLICATION">Privoxy</span> as a TCP proxy relay or disable SSL for
2512 <p>Specifies to which ports HTTP CONNECT requests are allowable.</p>
2516 <p>Parameterized.</p>
2520 <p>A comma-separated list of ports or port ranges (the latter using dashes, with the minimum defaulting
2521 to 0 and the maximum to 65K).</p>
2525 <p>By default, i.e. if no <tt class="LITERAL">limit-connect</tt> action applies, <span class=
2526 "APPLICATION">Privoxy</span> allows HTTP CONNECT requests to all ports. Use <tt class=
2527 "LITERAL">limit-connect</tt> if fine-grained control is desired for some or all destinations.</p>
2528 <p>The CONNECT methods exists in HTTP to allow access to secure websites (<span class=
2529 "QUOTE">"https://"</span> URLs) through proxies. It works very simply: the proxy connects to the server
2530 on the specified port, and then short-circuits its connections to the client and to the remote server.
2531 This means CONNECT-enabled proxies can be used as TCP relays very easily.</p>
2532 <p><span class="APPLICATION">Privoxy</span> relays HTTPS traffic without seeing the decoded content.
2533 Websites can leverage this limitation to circumvent <span class="APPLICATION">Privoxy</span>'s filters.
2534 By specifying an invalid port range you can disable HTTPS entirely.</p>
2536 <dt>Example usages:</dt>
2538 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
2541 <pre class="SCREEN">+limit-connect{443} # Port 443 is OK.
2542 +limit-connect{80,443} # Ports 80 and 443 are OK.
2543 +limit-connect{-3, 7, 20-100, 500-} # Ports less than 3, 7, 20 to 100 and above 500 are OK.
2544 +limit-connect{-} # All ports are OK
2545 +limit-connect{,} # No HTTPS/SSL traffic is allowed</pre>
2554 <h4 class="SECT3"><a name="LIMIT-COOKIE-LIFETIME" id="LIMIT-COOKIE-LIFETIME">8.5.29.
2555 limit-cookie-lifetime</a></h4>
2556 <div class="VARIABLELIST">
2558 <dt>Typical use:</dt>
2560 <p>Limit the lifetime of HTTP cookies to a couple of minutes or hours.</p>
2564 <p>Overwrites the expires field in Set-Cookie server headers if it's above the specified limit.</p>
2568 <p>Parameterized.</p>
2572 <p>The lifetime limit in minutes, or 0.</p>
2576 <p>This action reduces the lifetime of HTTP cookies coming from the server to the specified number of
2577 minutes, starting from the time the cookie passes Privoxy.</p>
2578 <p>Cookies with a lifetime below the limit are not modified. The lifetime of session cookies is set to
2579 the specified limit.</p>
2580 <p>The effect of this action depends on the server.</p>
2581 <p>In case of servers which refresh their cookies with each response (or at least frequently), the
2582 lifetime limit set by this action is updated as well. Thus, a session associated with the cookie
2583 continues to work with this action enabled, as long as a new request is made before the last limit set is
2585 <p>However, some servers send their cookies once, with a lifetime of several years (the year 2037 is a
2586 popular choice), and do not refresh them until a certain event in the future, for example the user
2587 logging out. In this case this action may limit the absolute lifetime of the session, even if requests
2588 are made frequently.</p>
2589 <p>If the parameter is <span class="QUOTE">"0"</span>, this action behaves like <tt class=
2590 "LITERAL"><a href="actions-file.html#SESSION-COOKIES-ONLY">session-cookies-only</a></tt>.</p>
2592 <dt>Example usages:</dt>
2594 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
2597 <pre class="SCREEN">+limit-cookie-lifetime{60}</pre>
2606 <h4 class="SECT3"><a name="PREVENT-COMPRESSION" id="PREVENT-COMPRESSION">8.5.30. prevent-compression</a></h4>
2607 <div class="VARIABLELIST">
2609 <dt>Typical use:</dt>
2611 <p>Ensure that servers send the content uncompressed, so it can be passed through <tt class=
2612 "LITERAL"><a href="actions-file.html#FILTER">filter</a></tt>s.</p>
2616 <p>Removes the Accept-Encoding header which can be used to ask for compressed transfer.</p>
2628 <p>More and more websites send their content compressed by default, which is generally a good idea and
2629 saves bandwidth. But the <tt class="LITERAL"><a href="actions-file.html#FILTER">filter</a></tt> and
2630 <tt class="LITERAL"><a href="actions-file.html#DEANIMATE-GIFS">deanimate-gifs</a></tt> actions need
2631 access to the uncompressed data.</p>
2632 <p>When compiled with zlib support (available since <span class="APPLICATION">Privoxy</span> 3.0.7),
2633 content that should be filtered is decompressed on-the-fly and you don't have to worry about this action.
2634 If you are using an older <span class="APPLICATION">Privoxy</span> version, or one that hasn't been
2635 compiled with zlib support, this action can be used to convince the server to send the content
2637 <p>Most text-based instances compress very well, the size is seldom decreased by less than 50%, for
2638 markup-heavy instances like news feeds saving more than 90% of the original size isn't unusual.</p>
2639 <p>Not using compression will therefore slow down the transfer, and you should only enable this action if
2640 you really need it. As of <span class="APPLICATION">Privoxy</span> 3.0.7 it's disabled in all predefined
2641 action settings.</p>
2642 <p>Note that some (rare) ill-configured sites don't handle requests for uncompressed documents correctly.
2643 Broken PHP applications tend to send an empty document body, some IIS versions only send the beginning of
2644 the content. If you enable <tt class="LITERAL">prevent-compression</tt> per default, you might want to
2645 add exceptions for those sites. See the example for how to do that.</p>
2647 <dt>Example usage (sections):</dt>
2649 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
2652 <pre class="SCREEN"># Selectively turn off compression, and enable a filter
2654 { +filter{tiny-textforms} +prevent-compression }
2655 # Match only these sites
2660 # Or instead, we could set a universal default:
2662 { +prevent-compression }
2665 # Then maybe make exceptions for broken sites:
2667 { -prevent-compression }
2677 <h4 class="SECT3"><a name="OVERWRITE-LAST-MODIFIED" id="OVERWRITE-LAST-MODIFIED">8.5.31.
2678 overwrite-last-modified</a></h4>
2679 <div class="VARIABLELIST">
2681 <dt>Typical use:</dt>
2683 <p>Prevent yet another way to track the user's steps between sessions.</p>
2687 <p>Deletes the <span class="QUOTE">"Last-Modified:"</span> HTTP server header or modifies its value.</p>
2691 <p>Parameterized.</p>
2695 <p>One of the keywords: <span class="QUOTE">"block"</span>, <span class=
2696 "QUOTE">"reset-to-request-time"</span> and <span class="QUOTE">"randomize"</span></p>
2700 <p>Removing the <span class="QUOTE">"Last-Modified:"</span> header is useful for filter testing, where
2701 you want to force a real reload instead of getting status code <span class="QUOTE">"304"</span>, which
2702 would cause the browser to reuse the old version of the page.</p>
2703 <p>The <span class="QUOTE">"randomize"</span> option overwrites the value of the <span class=
2704 "QUOTE">"Last-Modified:"</span> header with a randomly chosen time between the original value and the
2705 current time. In theory the server could send each document with a different <span class=
2706 "QUOTE">"Last-Modified:"</span> header to track visits without using cookies. <span class=
2707 "QUOTE">"Randomize"</span> makes it impossible and the browser can still revalidate cached documents.</p>
2708 <p><span class="QUOTE">"reset-to-request-time"</span> overwrites the value of the <span class=
2709 "QUOTE">"Last-Modified:"</span> header with the current time. You could use this option together with
2710 <tt class="LITERAL"><a href="actions-file.html#HIDE-IF-MODIFIED-SINCE">hide-if-modified-since</a></tt> to
2711 further customize your random range.</p>
2712 <p>The preferred parameter here is <span class="QUOTE">"randomize"</span>. It is safe to use, as long as
2713 the time settings are more or less correct. If the server sets the <span class=
2714 "QUOTE">"Last-Modified:"</span> header to the time of the request, the random range becomes zero and the
2715 value stays the same. Therefore you should later randomize it a second time with <tt class=
2716 "LITERAL"><a href="actions-file.html#HIDE-IF-MODIFIED-SINCE">hided-if-modified-since</a></tt>, just to be
2718 <p>It is also recommended to use this action together with <tt class="LITERAL"><a href=
2719 "actions-file.html#CRUNCH-IF-NONE-MATCH">crunch-if-none-match</a></tt>.</p>
2721 <dt>Example usage:</dt>
2723 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
2726 <pre class="SCREEN"># Let the browser revalidate without being tracked across sessions
2727 { +hide-if-modified-since{-60} \
2728 +overwrite-last-modified{randomize} \
2729 +crunch-if-none-match}
2739 <h4 class="SECT3"><a name="REDIRECT" id="REDIRECT">8.5.32. redirect</a></h4>
2740 <div class="VARIABLELIST">
2742 <dt>Typical use:</dt>
2744 <p>Redirect requests to other sites.</p>
2748 <p>Convinces the browser that the requested document has been moved to another location and the browser
2749 should get it from there.</p>
2753 <p>Parameterized</p>
2757 <p>An absolute URL or a single pcrs command.</p>
2761 <p>Requests to which this action applies are answered with a HTTP redirect to URLs of your choosing. The
2762 new URL is either provided as parameter, or derived by applying a single pcrs command to the original
2764 <p>The syntax for pcrs commands is documented in the <a href="filter-file.html">filter file</a>
2766 <p>Requests can't be blocked and redirected at the same time, applying this action together with
2767 <tt class="LITERAL"><a href="actions-file.html#BLOCK">block</a></tt> is a configuration error. Currently
2768 the request is blocked and an error message logged, the behavior may change in the future and result in
2769 Privoxy rejecting the action file.</p>
2770 <p>This action can be combined with <tt class="LITERAL"><a href=
2771 "actions-file.html#FAST-REDIRECTS">fast-redirects{check-decoded-url}</a></tt> to redirect to a decoded
2772 version of a rewritten URL.</p>
2773 <p>Use this action carefully, make sure not to create redirection loops and be aware that using your own
2774 redirects might make it possible to fingerprint your requests.</p>
2775 <p>In case of problems with your redirects, or simply to watch them working, enable <a href=
2776 "config.html#DEBUG">debug 128</a>.</p>
2778 <dt>Example usages:</dt>
2780 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
2783 <pre class="SCREEN"># Replace example.com's style sheet with another one
2784 { +redirect{http://localhost/css-replacements/example.com.css} }
2785 example.com/stylesheet\.css
2787 # Create a short, easy to remember nickname for a favorite site
2788 # (relies on the browser to accept and forward invalid URLs to <span class="APPLICATION">Privoxy</span>)
2789 { +redirect{https://www.privoxy.org/user-manual/actions-file.html} }
2792 # Always use the expanded view for Undeadly.org articles
2793 # (Note the $ at the end of the URL pattern to make sure
2794 # the request for the rewritten URL isn't redirected as well)
2795 {+redirect{s@$@&mode=expanded@}}
2796 undeadly.org/cgi\?action=article&sid=\d*$
2798 # Redirect Google search requests to MSN
2799 {+redirect{s@^http://[^/]*/search\?q=([^&]*).*@http://search.msn.com/results.aspx?q=$1@}}
2802 # Redirect MSN search requests to Yahoo
2803 {+redirect{s@^http://[^/]*/results\.aspx\?q=([^&]*).*@http://search.yahoo.com/search?p=$1@}}
2804 search.msn.com//results\.aspx\?q=
2806 # Redirect http://example.com/&bla=fasel&toChange=foo (and any other value but "bar")
2807 # to http://example.com/&bla=fasel&toChange=bar
2809 # The URL pattern makes sure that the following request isn't redirected again.
2810 {+redirect{s@toChange=[^&]+@toChange=bar@}}
2811 example.com/.*toChange=(?!bar)
2813 # Add a shortcut to look up illumos bugs
2814 {+redirect{s@^http://i([0-9]+)/.*@https://www.illumos.org/issues/$1@}}
2815 # Redirected URL = http://i4974/
2816 # Redirect Destination = https://www.illumos.org/issues/4974
2817 i[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]*/
2819 # Redirect remote requests for this manual
2820 # to the local version delivered by Privoxy
2821 {+redirect{s@^http://www@http://config@}}
2822 www.privoxy.org/user-manual/</pre>
2831 <h4 class="SECT3"><a name="SERVER-HEADER-FILTER" id="SERVER-HEADER-FILTER">8.5.33.
2832 server-header-filter</a></h4>
2833 <div class="VARIABLELIST">
2835 <dt>Typical use:</dt>
2837 <p>Rewrite or remove single server headers.</p>
2841 <p>All server headers to which this action applies are filtered on-the-fly through the specified regular
2842 expression based substitutions.</p>
2850 <p>The name of a server-header filter, as defined in one of the <a href="filter-file.html">filter
2855 <p>Server-header filters are applied to each header on its own, not to all at once. This makes it easier
2856 to diagnose problems, but on the downside you can't write filters that only change header x if header y's
2857 value is z. You can do that by using tags though.</p>
2858 <p>Server-header filters are executed after the other header actions have finished and use their output
2860 <p>Please refer to the <a href="filter-file.html">filter file chapter</a> to learn which server-header
2861 filters are available by default, and how to create your own.</p>
2863 <dt>Example usage (section):</dt>
2865 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
2868 <pre class="SCREEN">{+server-header-filter{html-to-xml}}
2869 example.org/xml-instance-that-is-delivered-as-html
2871 {+server-header-filter{xml-to-html}}
2872 example.org/instance-that-is-delivered-as-xml-but-is-not</pre>
2881 <h4 class="SECT3"><a name="SERVER-HEADER-TAGGER" id="SERVER-HEADER-TAGGER">8.5.34.
2882 server-header-tagger</a></h4>
2883 <div class="VARIABLELIST">
2885 <dt>Typical use:</dt>
2887 <p>Enable or disable filters based on the Content-Type header.</p>
2891 <p>Server headers to which this action applies are filtered on-the-fly through the specified regular
2892 expression based substitutions, the result is used as tag.</p>
2900 <p>The name of a server-header tagger, as defined in one of the <a href="filter-file.html">filter
2905 <p>Server-header taggers are applied to each header on its own, and as the header isn't modified, each
2906 tagger <span class="QUOTE">"sees"</span> the original.</p>
2907 <p>Server-header taggers are executed before all other header actions that modify server headers. Their
2908 tags can be used to control all of the other server-header actions, the content filters and the crunch
2909 actions (<a href="actions-file.html#REDIRECT">redirect</a> and <a href=
2910 "actions-file.html#BLOCK">block</a>).</p>
2911 <p>Obviously crunching based on tags created by server-header taggers doesn't prevent the request from
2912 showing up in the server's log file.</p>
2914 <dt>Example usage (section):</dt>
2916 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
2919 <pre class="SCREEN"># Tag every request with the content type declared by the server
2920 {+server-header-tagger{content-type}}
2923 # If the response has a tag starting with 'image/' enable an external
2924 # filter that only applies to images.
2926 # Note that the filter is not available by default, it's just a
2927 # <tt class="LITERAL"><a href="filter-file.html#EXTERNAL-FILTER-SYNTAX">silly example</a></tt>.
2928 {+external-filter{rotate-image} +force-text-mode}
2938 <h4 class="SECT3"><a name="SESSION-COOKIES-ONLY" id="SESSION-COOKIES-ONLY">8.5.35.
2939 session-cookies-only</a></h4>
2940 <div class="VARIABLELIST">
2942 <dt>Typical use:</dt>
2944 <p>Allow only temporary <span class="QUOTE">"session"</span> cookies (for the current browser session
2945 <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">only</i></span>).</p>
2949 <p>Deletes the <span class="QUOTE">"expires"</span> field from <span class="QUOTE">"Set-Cookie:"</span>
2950 server headers. Most browsers will not store such cookies permanently and forget them in between
2963 <p>This is less strict than <tt class="LITERAL"><a href=
2964 "actions-file.html#CRUNCH-INCOMING-COOKIES">crunch-incoming-cookies</a></tt> / <tt class=
2965 "LITERAL"><a href="actions-file.html#CRUNCH-OUTGOING-COOKIES">crunch-outgoing-cookies</a></tt> and allows
2966 you to browse websites that insist or rely on setting cookies, without compromising your privacy too
2968 <p>Most browsers will not permanently store cookies that have been processed by <tt class=
2969 "LITERAL">session-cookies-only</tt> and will forget about them between sessions. This makes profiling
2970 cookies useless, but won't break sites which require cookies so that you can log in for transactions.
2971 This is generally turned on for all sites, and is the recommended setting.</p>
2972 <p>It makes <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">no sense at all</i></span> to use <tt class=
2973 "LITERAL">session-cookies-only</tt> together with <tt class="LITERAL"><a href=
2974 "actions-file.html#CRUNCH-INCOMING-COOKIES">crunch-incoming-cookies</a></tt> or <tt class=
2975 "LITERAL"><a href="actions-file.html#CRUNCH-OUTGOING-COOKIES">crunch-outgoing-cookies</a></tt>. If you
2976 do, cookies will be plainly killed.</p>
2977 <p>Note that it is up to the browser how it handles such cookies without an <span class=
2978 "QUOTE">"expires"</span> field. If you use an exotic browser, you might want to try it out to be
2980 <p>This setting also has no effect on cookies that may have been stored previously by the browser before
2981 starting <span class="APPLICATION">Privoxy</span>. These would have to be removed manually.</p>
2982 <p><span class="APPLICATION">Privoxy</span> also uses the <a href=
2983 "actions-file.html#FILTER-CONTENT-COOKIES">content-cookies filter</a> to block some types of cookies.
2984 Content cookies are not effected by <tt class="LITERAL">session-cookies-only</tt>.</p>
2986 <dt>Example usage:</dt>
2988 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
2991 <pre class="SCREEN">+session-cookies-only</pre>
3000 <h4 class="SECT3"><a name="SET-IMAGE-BLOCKER" id="SET-IMAGE-BLOCKER">8.5.36. set-image-blocker</a></h4>
3001 <div class="VARIABLELIST">
3003 <dt>Typical use:</dt>
3005 <p>Choose the replacement for blocked images</p>
3009 <p>This action alone doesn't do anything noticeable. If <span class="emphasis"><i class=
3010 "EMPHASIS">both</i></span> <tt class="LITERAL"><a href="actions-file.html#BLOCK">block</a></tt>
3011 <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">and</i></span> <tt class="LITERAL"><a href=
3012 "actions-file.html#HANDLE-AS-IMAGE">handle-as-image</a></tt> <span class="emphasis"><i class=
3013 "EMPHASIS">also</i></span> apply, i.e. if the request is to be blocked as an image, <span class=
3014 "emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">then</i></span> the parameter of this action decides what will be sent as
3019 <p>Parameterized.</p>
3025 <p><span class="QUOTE">"pattern"</span> to send a built-in checkerboard pattern image. The image is
3026 visually decent, scales very well, and makes it obvious where banners were busted.</p>
3029 <p><span class="QUOTE">"blank"</span> to send a built-in transparent image. This makes banners
3030 disappear completely, but makes it hard to detect where <span class="APPLICATION">Privoxy</span> has
3031 blocked images on a given page and complicates troubleshooting if <span class=
3032 "APPLICATION">Privoxy</span> has blocked innocent images, like navigation icons.</p>
3035 <p><span class="QUOTE">"<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>target-url</i></tt>"</span> to send a redirect to
3036 <tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>target-url</i></tt>. You can redirect to any image anywhere, even in your
3037 local filesystem via <span class="QUOTE">"file:///"</span> URL. (But note that not all browsers
3038 support redirecting to a local file system).</p>
3039 <p>A good application of redirects is to use special <span class=
3040 "APPLICATION">Privoxy</span>-built-in URLs, which send the built-in images, as <tt class=
3041 "REPLACEABLE"><i>target-url</i></tt>. This has the same visual effect as specifying <span class=
3042 "QUOTE">"blank"</span> or <span class="QUOTE">"pattern"</span> in the first place, but enables your
3043 browser to cache the replacement image, instead of requesting it over and over again.</p>
3049 <p>The URLs for the built-in images are <span class=
3050 "QUOTE">"http://config.privoxy.org/send-banner?type=<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>type</i></tt>"</span>,
3051 where <tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>type</i></tt> is either <span class="QUOTE">"blank"</span> or
3052 <span class="QUOTE">"pattern"</span>.</p>
3053 <p>There is a third (advanced) type, called <span class="QUOTE">"auto"</span>. It is <span class=
3054 "emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">NOT</i></span> to be used in <tt class="LITERAL">set-image-blocker</tt>,
3055 but meant for use from <a href="filter-file.html">filters</a>. Auto will select the type of image that
3056 would have applied to the referring page, had it been an image.</p>
3058 <dt>Example usage:</dt>
3060 <p>Built-in pattern:</p>
3061 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
3064 <pre class="SCREEN">+set-image-blocker{pattern}</pre>
3068 <p>Redirect to the BSD daemon:</p>
3069 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
3072 <pre class="SCREEN">+set-image-blocker{http://www.freebsd.org/gifs/dae_up3.gif}</pre>
3076 <p>Redirect to the built-in pattern for better caching:</p>
3077 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="90%">
3080 <pre class="SCREEN">+set-image-blocker{http://config.privoxy.org/send-banner?type=pattern}</pre>
3089 <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="SUMMARY" id="SUMMARY">8.5.37. Summary</a></h3>
3090 <p>Note that many of these actions have the potential to cause a page to misbehave, possibly even not to
3091 display at all. There are many ways a site designer may choose to design his site, and what HTTP header
3092 content, and other criteria, he may depend on. There is no way to have hard and fast rules for all sites. See
3093 the <a href="appendix.html#ACTIONSANAT">Appendix</a> for a brief example on troubleshooting actions.</p>
3097 <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="ALIASES" id="ALIASES">8.6. Aliases</a></h2>
3098 <p>Custom <span class="QUOTE">"actions"</span>, known to <span class="APPLICATION">Privoxy</span> as <span class=
3099 "QUOTE">"aliases"</span>, can be defined by combining other actions. These can in turn be invoked just like the
3100 built-in actions. Currently, an alias name can contain any character except space, tab, <span class=
3101 "QUOTE">"="</span>, <span class="QUOTE">"{"</span> and <span class="QUOTE">"}"</span>, but we <span class=
3102 "emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">strongly recommend</i></span> that you only use <span class="QUOTE">"a"</span> to
3103 <span class="QUOTE">"z"</span>, <span class="QUOTE">"0"</span> to <span class="QUOTE">"9"</span>, <span class=
3104 "QUOTE">"+"</span>, and <span class="QUOTE">"-"</span>. Alias names are not case sensitive, and are not required
3105 to start with a <span class="QUOTE">"+"</span> or <span class="QUOTE">"-"</span> sign, since they are merely
3106 textually expanded.</p>
3107 <p>Aliases can be used throughout the actions file, but they <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">must be
3108 defined in a special section at the top of the file!</i></span> And there can only be one such section per
3109 actions file. Each actions file may have its own alias section, and the aliases defined in it are only visible
3110 within that file.</p>
3111 <p>There are two main reasons to use aliases: One is to save typing for frequently used combinations of actions,
3112 the other one is a gain in flexibility: If you decide once how you want to handle shops by defining an alias
3113 called <span class="QUOTE">"shop"</span>, you can later change your policy on shops in <span class=
3114 "emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">one</i></span> place, and your changes will take effect everywhere in the actions
3115 file where the <span class="QUOTE">"shop"</span> alias is used. Calling aliases by their purpose also makes your
3116 actions files more readable.</p>
3117 <p>Currently, there is one big drawback to using aliases, though: <span class="APPLICATION">Privoxy</span>'s
3118 built-in web-based action file editor honors aliases when reading the actions files, but it expands them before
3119 writing. So the effects of your aliases are of course preserved, but the aliases themselves are lost when you
3120 edit sections that use aliases with it.</p>
3121 <p>Now let's define some aliases...</p>
3122 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
3125 <pre class="SCREEN"> # Useful custom aliases we can use later.
3127 # Note the (required!) section header line and that this section
3128 # must be at the top of the actions file!
3132 # These aliases just save typing later:
3133 # (Note that some already use other aliases!)
3135 +crunch-all-cookies = +<a href="actions-file.html#CRUNCH-INCOMING-COOKIES">crunch-incoming-cookies</a> +<a href=
3136 "actions-file.html#CRUNCH-OUTGOING-COOKIES">crunch-outgoing-cookies</a>
3137 -crunch-all-cookies = -<a href="actions-file.html#CRUNCH-INCOMING-COOKIES">crunch-incoming-cookies</a> -<a href=
3138 "actions-file.html#CRUNCH-OUTGOING-COOKIES">crunch-outgoing-cookies</a>
3139 +block-as-image = +block{Blocked image.} +handle-as-image
3140 allow-all-cookies = -crunch-all-cookies -<a href=
3141 "actions-file.html#SESSION-COOKIES-ONLY">session-cookies-only</a> -<a href=
3142 "actions-file.html#FILTER-CONTENT-COOKIES">filter{content-cookies}</a>
3144 # These aliases define combinations of actions
3145 # that are useful for certain types of sites:
3147 fragile = -<a href="actions-file.html#BLOCK">block</a> -<a href=
3148 "actions-file.html#FILTER">filter</a> -crunch-all-cookies -<a href=
3149 "actions-file.html#FAST-REDIRECTS">fast-redirects</a> -<a href=
3150 "actions-file.html#HIDE-REFERER">hide-referrer</a> -<a href=
3151 "actions-file.html#PREVENT-COMPRESSION">prevent-compression</a>
3153 shop = -crunch-all-cookies -<a href="actions-file.html#FILTER-ALL-POPUPS">filter{all-popups}</a>
3155 # Short names for other aliases, for really lazy people ;-)
3157 c0 = +crunch-all-cookies
3158 c1 = -crunch-all-cookies</pre>
3162 <p>...and put them to use. These sections would appear in the lower part of an actions file and define exceptions
3163 to the default actions (as specified further up for the <span class="QUOTE">"/"</span> pattern):</p>
3164 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
3167 <pre class="SCREEN"> # These sites are either very complex or very keen on
3168 # user data and require minimal interference to work:
3171 .office.microsoft.com
3172 .windowsupdate.microsoft.com
3173 # Gmail is really mail.google.com, not gmail.com
3177 # Allow cookies (for setting and retrieving your customer data)
3181 .worldpay.com # for quietpc.com
3184 # These shops require pop-ups:
3186 {-filter{all-popups} -filter{unsolicited-popups}}
3188 .overclockers.co.uk</pre>
3192 <p>Aliases like <span class="QUOTE">"shop"</span> and <span class="QUOTE">"fragile"</span> are typically used for
3193 <span class="QUOTE">"problem"</span> sites that require more than one action to be disabled in order to function
3197 <h2 class="SECT2"><a name="ACT-EXAMPLES" id="ACT-EXAMPLES">8.7. Actions Files Tutorial</a></h2>
3198 <p>The above chapters have shown <a href="actions-file.html">which actions files there are and how they are
3199 organized</a>, how actions are <a href="actions-file.html#ACTIONS">specified</a> and <a href=
3200 "actions-file.html#ACTIONS-APPLY">applied to URLs</a>, how <a href="actions-file.html#AF-PATTERNS">patterns</a>
3201 work, and how to define and use <a href="actions-file.html#ALIASES">aliases</a>. Now, let's look at an example
3202 <tt class="FILENAME">match-all.action</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">default.action</tt> and <tt class=
3203 "FILENAME">user.action</tt> file and see how all these pieces come together:</p>
3205 <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="MATCH-ALL" id="MATCH-ALL">8.7.1. match-all.action</a></h3>
3206 <p>Remember <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">all actions are disabled when matching
3207 starts</i></span>, so we have to explicitly enable the ones we want.</p>
3208 <p>While the <tt class="FILENAME">match-all.action</tt> file only contains a single section, it is probably the
3209 most important one. It has only one pattern, <span class="QUOTE">"<tt class="LITERAL">/</tt>"</span>, but this
3210 pattern <a href="actions-file.html#AF-PATTERNS">matches all URLs</a>. Therefore, the set of actions used in
3211 this <span class="QUOTE">"default"</span> section <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">will be applied to
3212 all requests as a start</i></span>. It can be partly or wholly overridden by other actions files like
3213 <tt class="FILENAME">default.action</tt> and <tt class="FILENAME">user.action</tt>, but it will still be
3214 largely responsible for your overall browsing experience.</p>
3215 <p>Again, at the start of matching, all actions are disabled, so there is no need to disable any actions here.
3216 (Remember: a <span class="QUOTE">"+"</span> preceding the action name enables the action, a <span class=
3217 "QUOTE">"-"</span> disables!). Also note how this long line has been made more readable by splitting it into
3218 multiple lines with line continuation.</p>
3219 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
3222 <pre class="SCREEN">{ \
3223 +<a href="actions-file.html#CHANGE-X-FORWARDED-FOR">change-x-forwarded-for{block}</a> \
3224 +<a href="actions-file.html#HIDE-FROM-HEADER">hide-from-header{block}</a> \
3225 +<a href="actions-file.html#SET-IMAGE-BLOCKER">set-image-blocker{pattern}</a> \
3227 / # Match all URLs</pre>
3231 <p>The default behavior is now set.</p>
3234 <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="DEFAULT-ACTION" id="DEFAULT-ACTION">8.7.2. default.action</a></h3>
3235 <p>If you aren't a developer, there's no need for you to edit the <tt class="FILENAME">default.action</tt>
3236 file. It is maintained by the <span class="APPLICATION">Privoxy</span> developers and if you disagree with some
3237 of the sections, you should overrule them in your <tt class="FILENAME">user.action</tt>.</p>
3238 <p>Understanding the <tt class="FILENAME">default.action</tt> file can help you with your <tt class=
3239 "FILENAME">user.action</tt>, though.</p>
3240 <p>The first section in this file is a special section for internal use that prevents older <span class=
3241 "APPLICATION">Privoxy</span> versions from reading the file:</p>
3242 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
3245 <pre class="SCREEN">##########################################################################
3246 # Settings -- Don't change! For internal Privoxy use ONLY.
3247 ##########################################################################
3249 for-privoxy-version=3.0.11</pre>
3253 <p>After that comes the (optional) alias section. We'll use the example section from the above <a href=
3254 "actions-file.html#ALIASES">chapter on aliases</a>, that also explains why and how aliases are used:</p>
3255 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
3258 <pre class="SCREEN">##########################################################################
3260 ##########################################################################
3263 # These aliases just save typing later:
3264 # (Note that some already use other aliases!)
3266 +crunch-all-cookies = +<a href="actions-file.html#CRUNCH-INCOMING-COOKIES">crunch-incoming-cookies</a> +<a href=
3267 "actions-file.html#CRUNCH-OUTGOING-COOKIES">crunch-outgoing-cookies</a>
3268 -crunch-all-cookies = -<a href="actions-file.html#CRUNCH-INCOMING-COOKIES">crunch-incoming-cookies</a> -<a href=
3269 "actions-file.html#CRUNCH-OUTGOING-COOKIES">crunch-outgoing-cookies</a>
3270 +block-as-image = +block{Blocked image.} +handle-as-image
3271 mercy-for-cookies = -crunch-all-cookies -<a href=
3272 "actions-file.html#SESSION-COOKIES-ONLY">session-cookies-only</a> -<a href=
3273 "actions-file.html#FILTER-CONTENT-COOKIES">filter{content-cookies}</a>
3275 # These aliases define combinations of actions
3276 # that are useful for certain types of sites:
3278 fragile = -<a href="actions-file.html#BLOCK">block</a> -<a href=
3279 "actions-file.html#FILTER">filter</a> -crunch-all-cookies -<a href=
3280 "actions-file.html#FAST-REDIRECTS">fast-redirects</a> -<a href="actions-file.html#HIDE-REFERER">hide-referrer</a>
3281 shop = -crunch-all-cookies -<a href="actions-file.html#FILTER-ALL-POPUPS">filter{all-popups}</a></pre>
3285 <p>The first of our specialized sections is concerned with <span class="QUOTE">"fragile"</span> sites, i.e.
3286 sites that require minimum interference, because they are either very complex or very keen on tracking you (and
3287 have mechanisms in place that make them unusable for people who avoid being tracked). We will use our
3288 pre-defined <tt class="LITERAL">fragile</tt> alias instead of stating the list of actions explicitly:</p>
3289 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
3292 <pre class="SCREEN">##########################################################################
3293 # Exceptions for sites that'll break under the default action set:
3294 ##########################################################################
3296 # "Fragile" Use a minimum set of actions for these sites (see alias above):
3299 .office.microsoft.com # surprise, surprise!
3300 .windowsupdate.microsoft.com
3301 mail.google.com</pre>
3305 <p>Shopping sites are not as fragile, but they typically require cookies to log in, and pop-up windows for
3306 shopping carts or item details. Again, we'll use a pre-defined alias:</p>
3307 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
3310 <pre class="SCREEN"># Shopping sites:
3314 .worldpay.com # for quietpc.com
3320 <p>The <tt class="LITERAL"><a href="actions-file.html#FAST-REDIRECTS">fast-redirects</a></tt> action, which may
3321 have been enabled in <tt class="FILENAME">match-all.action</tt>, breaks some sites. So disable it for popular
3322 sites where we know it misbehaves:</p>
3323 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
3326 <pre class="SCREEN">{ -<a href="actions-file.html#FAST-REDIRECTS">fast-redirects</a> }
3330 .altavista.com/.*(like|url|link):http
3331 .altavista.com/trans.*urltext=http
3336 <p>It is important that <span class="APPLICATION">Privoxy</span> knows which URLs belong to images, so that
3337 <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">if</i></span> they are to be blocked, a substitute image can be
3338 sent, rather than an HTML page. Contacting the remote site to find out is not an option, since it would destroy
3339 the loading time advantage of banner blocking, and it would feed the advertisers information about you. We can
3340 mark any URL as an image with the <tt class="LITERAL"><a href=
3341 "actions-file.html#HANDLE-AS-IMAGE">handle-as-image</a></tt> action, and marking all URLs that end in a known
3342 image file extension is a good start:</p>
3343 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
3346 <pre class="SCREEN">##########################################################################
3348 ##########################################################################
3350 # Define which file types will be treated as images, in case they get
3351 # blocked further down this file:
3353 { +<a href="actions-file.html#HANDLE-AS-IMAGE">handle-as-image</a> }
3354 /.*\.(gif|jpe?g|png|bmp|ico)$</pre>
3358 <p>And then there are known banner sources. They often use scripts to generate the banners, so it won't be
3359 visible from the URL that the request is for an image. Hence we block them <span class="emphasis"><i class=
3360 "EMPHASIS">and</i></span> mark them as images in one go, with the help of our <tt class=
3361 "LITERAL">+block-as-image</tt> alias defined above. (We could of course just as well use <tt class=
3362 "LITERAL">+<a href="actions-file.html#BLOCK">block</a> +<a href=
3363 "actions-file.html#HANDLE-AS-IMAGE">handle-as-image</a></tt> here.) Remember that the type of the replacement
3364 image is chosen by the <tt class="LITERAL"><a href=
3365 "actions-file.html#SET-IMAGE-BLOCKER">set-image-blocker</a></tt> action. Since all URLs have matched the
3366 default section with its <tt class="LITERAL">+<a href=
3367 "actions-file.html#SET-IMAGE-BLOCKER">set-image-blocker</a>{pattern}</tt> action before, it still applies and
3368 needn't be repeated:</p>
3369 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
3372 <pre class="SCREEN"># Known ad generators:
3377 .ad.*.doubleclick.net
3378 .a.yimg.com/(?:(?!/i/).)*$
3379 .a[0-9].yimg.com/(?:(?!/i/).)*$
3385 <p>One of the most important jobs of <span class="APPLICATION">Privoxy</span> is to block banners. Many of
3386 these can be <span class="QUOTE">"blocked"</span> by the <tt class="LITERAL"><a href=
3387 "actions-file.html#FILTER">filter</a>{banners-by-size}</tt> action, which we enabled above, and which deletes
3388 the references to banner images from the pages while they are loaded, so the browser doesn't request them
3389 anymore, and hence they don't need to be blocked here. But this naturally doesn't catch all banners, and some
3390 people choose not to use filters, so we need a comprehensive list of patterns for banner URLs here, and apply
3391 the <tt class="LITERAL"><a href="actions-file.html#BLOCK">block</a></tt> action to them.</p>
3392 <p>First comes many generic patterns, which do most of the work, by matching typical domain and path name
3393 components of banners. Then comes a list of individual patterns for specific sites, which is omitted here to
3394 keep the example short:</p>
3395 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
3398 <pre class="SCREEN">##########################################################################
3399 # Block these fine banners:
3400 ##########################################################################
3401 { <a href="actions-file.html#BLOCK">+block{Banner ads.}</a> }
3409 /.*count(er)?\.(pl|cgi|exe|dll|asp|php[34]?)
3410 /(?:.*/)?(publicite|werbung|rekla(ma|me|am)|annonse|maino(kset|nta|s)?)/
3412 # Site-specific patterns (abbreviated):
3418 <p>It's quite remarkable how many advertisers actually call their banner servers ads.<tt class=
3419 "REPLACEABLE"><i>company</i></tt>.com, or call the directory in which the banners are stored literally
3420 <span class="QUOTE">"banners"</span>. So the above generic patterns are surprisingly effective.</p>
3421 <p>But being very generic, they necessarily also catch URLs that we don't want to block. The pattern <tt class=
3422 "LITERAL">.*ads.</tt> e.g. catches <span class="QUOTE">"nasty-<span class="emphasis"><i class=
3423 "EMPHASIS">ads</i></span>.nasty-corp.com"</span> as intended, but also <span class="QUOTE">"downlo<span class=
3424 "emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ads</i></span>.sourcefroge.net"</span> or <span class="QUOTE">"<span class=
3425 "emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ads</i></span>l.some-provider.net."</span> So here come some well-known
3426 exceptions to the <tt class="LITERAL">+<a href="actions-file.html#BLOCK">block</a></tt> section above.</p>
3427 <p>Note that these are exceptions to exceptions from the default! Consider the URL <span class=
3428 "QUOTE">"downloads.sourcefroge.net"</span>: Initially, all actions are deactivated, so it wouldn't get blocked.
3429 Then comes the defaults section, which matches the URL, but just deactivates the <tt class="LITERAL"><a href=
3430 "actions-file.html#BLOCK">block</a></tt> action once again. Then it matches <tt class="LITERAL">.*ads.</tt>, an
3431 exception to the general non-blocking policy, and suddenly <tt class="LITERAL"><a href=
3432 "actions-file.html#BLOCK">+block</a></tt> applies. And now, it'll match <tt class="LITERAL">.*loads.</tt>,
3433 where <tt class="LITERAL"><a href="actions-file.html#BLOCK">-block</a></tt> applies, so (unless it matches
3434 <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">again</i></span> further down) it ends up with no <tt class=
3435 "LITERAL"><a href="actions-file.html#BLOCK">block</a></tt> action applying.</p>
3436 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
3439 <pre class="SCREEN">##########################################################################
3440 # Save some innocent victims of the above generic block patterns:
3441 ##########################################################################
3445 { -<a href="actions-file.html#BLOCK">block</a> }
3446 adv[io]*. # (for advogato.org and advice.*)
3447 adsl. # (has nothing to do with ads)
3448 adobe. # (has nothing to do with ads either)
3449 ad[ud]*. # (adult.* and add.*)
3450 .edu # (universities don't host banners (yet!))
3451 .*loads. # (downloads, uploads etc)
3459 www.globalintersec.com/adv # (adv = advanced)
3460 www.ugu.com/sui/ugu/adv</pre>
3464 <p>Filtering source code can have nasty side effects, so make an exception for our friends at sourceforge.net,
3465 and all paths with <span class="QUOTE">"cvs"</span> in them. Note that <tt class="LITERAL">-<a href=
3466 "actions-file.html#FILTER">filter</a></tt> disables <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">all</i></span>
3467 filters in one fell swoop!</p>
3468 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
3471 <pre class="SCREEN"># Don't filter code!
3473 { -<a href="actions-file.html#FILTER">filter</a> }
3478 .sourceforge.net</pre>
3482 <p>The actual <tt class="FILENAME">default.action</tt> is of course much more comprehensive, but we hope this
3483 example made clear how it works.</p>
3486 <h3 class="SECT3"><a name="USER-ACTION" id="USER-ACTION">8.7.3. user.action</a></h3>
3487 <p>So far we are painting with a broad brush by setting general policies, which would be a reasonable starting
3488 point for many people. Now, you might want to be more specific and have customized rules that are more suitable
3489 to your personal habits and preferences. These would be for narrowly defined situations like your ISP or your
3490 bank, and should be placed in <tt class="FILENAME">user.action</tt>, which is parsed after all other actions
3491 files and hence has the last word, over-riding any previously defined actions. <tt class=
3492 "FILENAME">user.action</tt> is also a <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">safe</i></span> place for your
3493 personal settings, since <tt class="FILENAME">default.action</tt> is actively maintained by the <span class=
3494 "APPLICATION">Privoxy</span> developers and you'll probably want to install updated versions from time to
3496 <p>So let's look at a few examples of things that one might typically do in <tt class=
3497 "FILENAME">user.action</tt>:</p>
3498 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
3501 <pre class="SCREEN"># My user.action file. <fred@example.com></pre>
3505 <p>As <a href="actions-file.html#ALIASES">aliases</a> are local to the actions file that they are defined in,
3506 you can't use the ones from <tt class="FILENAME">default.action</tt>, unless you repeat them here:</p>
3507 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
3510 <pre class="SCREEN"># Aliases are local to the file they are defined in.
3511 # (Re-)define aliases for this file:
3515 # These aliases just save typing later, and the alias names should
3516 # be self explanatory.
3518 +crunch-all-cookies = +crunch-incoming-cookies +crunch-outgoing-cookies
3519 -crunch-all-cookies = -crunch-incoming-cookies -crunch-outgoing-cookies
3520 allow-all-cookies = -crunch-all-cookies -session-cookies-only
3521 allow-popups = -filter{all-popups}
3522 +block-as-image = +block{Blocked as image.} +handle-as-image
3523 -block-as-image = -block
3525 # These aliases define combinations of actions that are useful for
3526 # certain types of sites:
3528 fragile = -block -crunch-all-cookies -filter -fast-redirects -hide-referrer
3529 shop = -crunch-all-cookies allow-popups
3531 # Allow ads for selected useful free sites:
3533 allow-ads = -block -filter{banners-by-size} -filter{banners-by-link}
3535 # Alias for specific file types that are text, but might have conflicting
3536 # MIME types. We want the browser to force these to be text documents.
3537 handle-as-text = -<a href="actions-file.html#FILTER">filter</a> +-<a href=
3538 "actions-file.html#CONTENT-TYPE-OVERWRITE">content-type-overwrite{text/plain}</a> +-<a href=
3539 "actions-file.html#FORCE-TEXT-MODE">force-text-mode</a> -<a href=
3540 "actions-file.html#HIDE-CONTENT-DISPOSITION">hide-content-disposition</a></pre>
3544 <p>Say you have accounts on some sites that you visit regularly, and you don't want to have to log in manually
3545 each time. So you'd like to allow persistent cookies for these sites. The <tt class=
3546 "LITERAL">allow-all-cookies</tt> alias defined above does exactly that, i.e. it disables crunching of cookies
3547 in any direction, and the processing of cookies to make them only temporary.</p>
3548 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
3551 <pre class="SCREEN">{ allow-all-cookies }
3559 <p>Your bank is allergic to some filter, but you don't know which, so you disable them all:</p>
3560 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
3563 <pre class="SCREEN">{ -<a href="actions-file.html#FILTER">filter</a> }
3564 .your-home-banking-site.com</pre>
3568 <p>Some file types you may not want to filter for various reasons:</p>
3569 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
3572 <pre class="SCREEN"># Technical documentation is likely to contain strings that might
3573 # erroneously get altered by the JavaScript-oriented filters:
3578 # And this stupid host sends streaming video with a wrong MIME type,
3579 # so that Privoxy thinks it is getting HTML and starts filtering:
3581 stupid-server.example.com/</pre>
3585 <p>Example of a simple <a href="actions-file.html#BLOCK">block</a> action. Say you've seen an ad on your
3586 favourite page on example.com that you want to get rid of. You have right-clicked the image, selected
3587 <span class="QUOTE">"copy image location"</span> and pasted the URL below while removing the leading http://,
3588 into a <tt class="LITERAL">{ +block{} }</tt> section. Note that <tt class="LITERAL">{ +handle-as-image }</tt>
3589 need not be specified, since all URLs ending in <tt class="LITERAL">.gif</tt> will be tagged as images by the
3590 general rules as set in default.action anyway:</p>
3591 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
3594 <pre class="SCREEN">{ +<a href="actions-file.html#BLOCK">block</a>{Nasty ads.} }
3595 www.example.com/nasty-ads/sponsor\.gif
3596 another.example.net/more/junk/here/</pre>
3600 <p>The URLs of dynamically generated banners, especially from large banner farms, often don't use the
3601 well-known image file name extensions, which makes it impossible for <span class="APPLICATION">Privoxy</span>
3602 to guess the file type just by looking at the URL. You can use the <tt class="LITERAL">+block-as-image</tt>
3603 alias defined above for these cases. Note that objects which match this rule but then turn out NOT to be an
3604 image are typically rendered as a <span class="QUOTE">"broken image"</span> icon by the browser. Use
3606 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
3609 <pre class="SCREEN">{ +block-as-image }
3613 ar.atwola.com/</pre>
3617 <p>Now you noticed that the default configuration breaks Forbes Magazine, but you were too lazy to find out
3618 which action is the culprit, and you were again too lazy to give <a href="contact.html">feedback</a>, so you
3619 just used the <tt class="LITERAL">fragile</tt> alias on the site, and -- <span class="emphasis"><i class=
3620 "EMPHASIS">whoa!</i></span> -- it worked. The <tt class="LITERAL">fragile</tt> aliases disables those actions
3621 that are most likely to break a site. Also, good for testing purposes to see if it is <span class=
3622 "APPLICATION">Privoxy</span> that is causing the problem or not. We later find other regular sites that
3623 misbehave, and add those to our personalized list of troublemakers:</p>
3624 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
3627 <pre class="SCREEN">{ fragile }
3634 <p>You like the <span class="QUOTE">"fun"</span> text replacements in <tt class="FILENAME">default.filter</tt>,
3635 but it is disabled in the distributed actions file. So you'd like to turn it on in your private, update-safe
3636 config, once and for all:</p>
3637 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
3640 <pre class="SCREEN">{ +<a href="actions-file.html#FILTER-FUN">filter{fun}</a> }
3641 / # For ALL sites!</pre>
3645 <p>Note that the above is not really a good idea: There are exceptions to the filters in <tt class=
3646 "FILENAME">default.action</tt> for things that really shouldn't be filtered, like code on CVS->Web
3647 interfaces. Since <tt class="FILENAME">user.action</tt> has the last word, these exceptions won't be valid for
3648 the <span class="QUOTE">"fun"</span> filtering specified here.</p>
3649 <p>You might also worry about how your favourite free websites are funded, and find that they rely on
3650 displaying banner advertisements to survive. So you might want to specifically allow banners for those sites
3651 that you feel provide value to you:</p>
3652 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
3655 <pre class="SCREEN">{ allow-ads }
3662 <p>Note that <tt class="LITERAL">allow-ads</tt> has been aliased to <tt class="LITERAL">-<a href=
3663 "actions-file.html#BLOCK">block</a></tt>, <tt class="LITERAL">-<a href=
3664 "actions-file.html#FILTER-BANNERS-BY-SIZE">filter{banners-by-size}</a></tt>, and <tt class="LITERAL">-<a href=
3665 "actions-file.html#FILTER-BANNERS-BY-LINK">filter{banners-by-link}</a></tt> above.</p>
3666 <p>Invoke another alias here to force an over-ride of the MIME type <tt class="LITERAL">application/x-sh</tt>
3667 which typically would open a download type dialog. In my case, I want to look at the shell script, and then I
3668 can save it should I choose to.</p>
3669 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
3672 <pre class="SCREEN">{ handle-as-text }
3677 <p><tt class="FILENAME">user.action</tt> is generally the best place to define exceptions and additions to the
3678 default policies of <tt class="FILENAME">default.action</tt>. Some actions are safe to have their default
3679 policies set here though. So let's set a default policy to have a <span class="QUOTE">"blank"</span> image as
3680 opposed to the checkerboard pattern for <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">ALL</i></span> sites.
3681 <span class="QUOTE">"/"</span> of course matches all URL paths and patterns:</p>
3682 <table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
3685 <pre class="SCREEN">{ +<a href="actions-file.html#SET-IMAGE-BLOCKER">set-image-blocker{blank}</a> }
3693 <div class="NAVFOOTER">
3694 <hr align="left" width="100%">
3695 <table summary="Footer navigation table" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
3697 <td width="33%" align="left" valign="top"><a href="config.html" accesskey="P">Prev</a></td>
3698 <td width="34%" align="center" valign="top"><a href="index.html" accesskey="H">Home</a></td>
3699 <td width="33%" align="right" valign="top"><a href="filter-file.html" accesskey="N">Next</a></td>
3702 <td width="33%" align="left" valign="top">The Main Configuration File</td>
3703 <td width="34%" align="center" valign="top"> </td>
3704 <td width="33%" align="right" valign="top">Filter Files</td>